Abstract
Background
Recently, urinary exosomal WT1 has been proposed as a novel biomarker for simple podocyte injury. We investigated urinary exosomal WT1 to confirm its role as a non-invasive biomarker for predicting steroid responsiveness or renal pathological conditions in patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS).
Case Diagnosis
Forty children with active NS were recruited. Twenty-eight (70%) were steroid-sensitive, including 3 with minimal change NS (MCNS) and 1 with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The remaining 12 (30%) were steroid-resistant, including 8 with FSGS and 4 with MCNS. Urinary exosomes were isolated by a differential centrifugation method, and WT1 was measured by Western blot analysis.
Results
WT1 was detected in 25 patients (62.5%). There was no significant difference in the proportion of the patients with a detectable amount of WT1 according to steroid responsiveness or renal pathological condition, the amount of WT1 showed no significant difference according to steroid responsiveness or renal pathological condition, and there was no significant difference in the amount of proteinuria between patients with or without detectable WT1.
Conclusions
Urinary exosomal WT1 was detected in some patients with NS. However, its role as an appropriate biomarker in childhood NS was not verified in this study.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Pisitkun T, Shen RF, Knepper MA (2004) Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:13368–13373
Gonzales PA, Pisitkun T, Hoffert JD, Tchapyjnikov D, Star RA, Kleta R, Wang NS, Knepper MA (2009) Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes. J Am Soc Nephrol 20:363–379
Gonzales P, Pisitkun T, Knepper MA (2008) Urinary exosomes: is there a future? Nephrol Dial Transplant 23:1799–1801
Zhou H, Cheruvanky A, Hu X, Matsumoto T, Hiramatsu N, Cho ME, Berger A, Leelahavanichkul A, Doi K, Chawla LS, Illei GG, Kopp JB, Balow JE, Austin HA III, Yuen PST, Star RA (2008) Urinary exosomal transcription factors, a new class of biomarkers for renal disease. Kidney Int 74:613–621
Pisitkun T, Johnstone R, Knepper MA (2006) Discovery of urinary biomarkers. Mol Cell Proteomics 5:1760–1771
Simpson RJ, Jensen SS, Lim JW (2008) Proteomic profiling of exosomes: current perspectives. Proteomics 8:4083–4099
Zhou H, Yuen PS, Pisitkun T, Gonzales PA, Yasuda H, Dear JW, Gross P, Knepper MA, Star RA (2006) Collection, storage, preservation, and normalization of human urinary exosomes for biomarker discovery. Kidney Int 69:1471–1476
Niaudet P, Gubler MC (2006) WT1 and glomerular diseases. Pediatr Nephrol 21:1653–1660
Quaggin SE (2002) Transcriptional regulation of podocyte specification and differentiation. Microsc Res Tech 57:208–211
Kubo K, Miyagawa K, Yamamoto R, Hamasaki K, Kanda H, Fujita T, Yamamoto K, Yazaki Y, Mimura T (1999) Detection of WT1 mRNA in urine from patients with kidney diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 29:824–826
Zhou H, Kajiyama H, Sakairi T, Dutcher L, Leelahavanichkul A, Hu X, Tsuji T, Howard L, Vento S, Frank R, Trachtman H, Hadigan C, Kopp J, Yuen P, Star R (2009) Urinary exosomal Wilms Tumor 1 (WT-1) as a biomarker for glomerular diseases. Abstract TH-FC009, Renal Week 2009, American Society of Nephrology
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by a grant (A080588) from the Korea Healthcare technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, Republic of Korea and a grant (2010) from the Alumni Association, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine.
Conflicts of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, H., Han, K.H., Lee, S.E. et al. Urinary exosomal WT1 in childhood nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 27, 317–320 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-011-2035-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-011-2035-2