Table 2 Surveillance in infants with myelodysplasia (until age 5 years) (IVP intravenous pyelogram, ECHO sonogram, UDS urodynamic study, VCUG voiding cystourethrogram, RNC radionuclide cystogram)

From: Neurogenic bladder: etiology and assessment

Sphincter activity	Recommended tests	Frequency
Intact-synergic	Post-void residual volume	Every 4 months
	IVP or renal ECHO	Every 12 months
	UDS	Every 12 months
Intact-dyssynergic^a	IVP or renal ECHO	Every 12 months
	UDS	Every 12 months
	VCUG or RNC^b	Every 12 months
Partial denervation	Post-void residual volume	Every 4 months
	IVP or renal ECHO	Every 12 months
	UDS^c	Every 12 months
	VCUG or RNC^b	Every 12 months
Complete denervation	Post-void residual volume	Every 6 months
Complete denervation	Renal ECHO	Every 12 months

^aPatients receiving intermittent catheterization and anticholinergic agents
^bIf detrusor hypertonicity or reflux is already present
^cDepending on degree of denervation

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