Abstract
In this two-part paper, a stable and efficient nodally-integrated reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) is introduced for solving the governing equations of generalized thermomechanical theories. Part I investigates quadrature in the weak form using coupled and uncoupled classical thermoelasticity as model problems. It is first shown that nodal integration of these equations results in spurious oscillations in the solution many orders of magnitude greater than pure elasticity. A naturally stabilized nodal integration is then proposed for the coupled equations. The variational consistency conditions for nth order exactness and convergence in the two-field problem are then derived, and a uniform correction on the test function approximations is proposed to achieve these conditions. Several benchmark problems are solved to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In the sequel, these methods are developed for generalized thermoelasticity and generalized finite-strain thermoplasticity theories of the hyperbolic type that are amenable to efficient explicit time integration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baek J, Chen J-S, Zhou G, Arnett K, Hillman M, Hegemier G, Hardesty S (2021) A semi-Lagrangian reproducing kernel particle method with particle-based shock algorithm for explosive welding simulation. Comput Mech 67:1601–1627
Beissel S, Belytschko T (1996) Nodal integration of the element-free Galerkin method. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 139:49–74
Belytschko T, Guo Y, Liu WK, Xiao SP (2000) A unifieded stability analysis of meshless particle methods. Int J Numer Methods Eng 48(9):1359–1400
Bobaru F, Mukherjee S (2002) Meshless approach to shape optimization of linear thermoelastic solids. Int J Numer Methods Eng 53(4):765–796
Boley BA, Tolins IS (1962) Transient coupled thermoelastic boundary value problems in the half-space. J Appl Mech 29(4):637–646
Cannarozzi AA, Ubertini F (2001) A mixed variational method for linear coupled thermoelastic analysis. Int J Solids Struct 38(4):717–739
Carter JP, Booker JR (1989) Finite element analysis of coupled thermoelasticity. Comput Struct 31(1):73–80
Chen J, Dargush GF (1995) Boundary element method for dynamic poroelastic and thermoelastic analyses. Int J Solids Struct 32(15):2257–2278
Chen J, Hu W, Puso M, Wu Y, Zhang X (2007) Strain smoothing for stabilization and regularization of galerkin meshfree methods. In Meshfree methods for partial differential equations III, pages 57–75. Springer
Chen J-S, Hillman M, Chi S-W (2017) Meshfree methods: progress made after 20 years. J Eng Mech 143(4):04017001
Chen J-S, Hillman M, Rüter M (2013) An arbitrary order variationally consistent integration for Galerkin meshfree methods. Int J Numer Methods Eng 95(5):387–418
Chen J-S, Pan C, Wu C-T, Liu WK (1996) Reproducing Kernel Particle Methods for large deformation analysis of non-linear structures. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 139(1–4):195–227
Chen J-S, Wang H-P (2000) New boundary condition treatments in meshfree computation of contact problems. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 187(3–4):441–468
Chen J-S, Wu C-T, Yoon S, You Y (2001) A stabilized conforming nodal integration for Galerkin mesh-free methods. Int J Numer Methods Eng 50(2):435–466
Chen J-S, Yoon S, Wu C-T (2002) Non-linear version of stabilized conforming nodal integration for Galerkin mesh-free methods. Int J Numer Methods Eng 53(12):2587–2615
Chen J-S, Zhang X, Belytschko T (2004) An implicit gradient model by a reproducing kernel strain regularization in strain localization problems. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 193(27–29):2827–2844
Ching HK, Yen SC (2006) Transient thermoelastic deformations of 2-D functionally graded beams under nonuniformly convective heat supply. Compos Struct 73(4):381–393
Danilouskaya V (1950) Thermal stresses in elastic half space due to sudden heating of its boundary. Pelageya Yakovlevna Kochina 14:316–321
Danilouskaya V (1952) On a dynamic problem of thermoelasticity. Prikladnaya Matematika i Mekhanika 16:341–344
Dolbow J, Belytschko T (1999) Numerical integration of the Galerkin weak form in meshfree methods. Comput Mech 23(3):219–230
Duan Q, Li X, Zhang H, Belytschko T (2012) Second-order accurate derivatives and integration schemes for meshfree methods. Int J Numer Methods Eng 92(4):399–424
Fries T-P, Belytschko T (2008) Convergence and stabilization of stress-point integration in mesh-free and particle methods. Int J Numer Methods Eng 74(7):1067–1087
Hasanpour K, Mirzaei D (2018) A fast meshfree technique for the coupled thermoelasticity problem. Acta Mech 229(6):2657–2673
Hillman M, Chen J-S (2016) An accelerated, convergent, and stable nodal integration in Galerkin meshfree methods for linear and nonlinear mechanics. Int J Numer Methods Eng 107:603–630
Hillman M, Chen J-S (2016) Nodally integrated implicit gradient reproducing kernel particle method for convection dominated problems. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 299:381–400
Hillman M, Chen J-S (2018) Performance comparison of nodally integrated galerkin meshfree methods and nodally collocated strong form meshfree methods. In Advances in Computational Plasticity, Vol. 46, pages 145–164. Springer
Hillman M, Chen J-S, Chi S-W (2014) Stabilized and variationally consistent nodal integration for meshfree modeling of impact problems. Comput Part Mech 1(3):245–256
Hillman M, Lin K-C (2021) Consistent weak forms for meshfree methods: Full realization of \(h\)-refinement, \(p\)-refinement, and \(a\)-refinement in strong-type essential boundary condition enforcement. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 373:113448
Hosseini-Tehrani P, Eslami MR (2000) BEM analysis of thermal and mechanical shock in a two-dimensional finite domain considering coupled thermoelasticity. Eng Anal Bound Elem 24(3):249–257
Hu H-Y, Lai C-K, Chen J-S (2009) A study on convergence and complexity of reproducing kernel collocation method. Interact Multiscale Mech 2(3):295–319
Hughes TJ (2012) The finite element method: linear static and dynamic finite element analysis. Dover Publications, Mineola
Tamma KK, Railkar SB (1988) On heat displacement based hybrid transfinite element formulations for uncoupled/coupled thermally induced stress wave propagation. Comput Struct 30:1025–1036
Keramidas GA, Ting EC (1976) A finite element formulation for thermal stress analysis. Part I: variational formulation. Nucl Eng Des 39(2–3):267–275
Keramidas GA, Ting EC (1976) A finite element formulation for thermal stress analysis. Part II: finite element formulation. Nucl Eng Des 39(2–3):277–287
Li S, Liu WK (1998) Synchronized reproducing kernel interpolant via multiple wavelet expansion. Comput Mech 21:28–47
Li S, Liu WK (1999) Reproducing kernel hierarchical partition of unity, part I—formulation and theory. Int J Numer Methods Eng 288(July 1998):251–288
Li S, Liu WK (1999) Reproducing kernel hierarchical partition of unity, Part II—applications. Int J Numer Methods Eng 45(3):289–317
Liu G-R, Zhang GY, Wang YY, Zhong ZH, Li GY, Han X (2007) A nodal integration technique for meshfree radial point interpolation method (NI-RPIM). Int J Solids Struct 44(11–12):3840–3860
Liu WK, Jun S, Zhang YF (1995) Reproducing kernel particle methods. Int J Numer Methods Fluids 20(8–9):1081–1106
Liu W-K, Li S, Belytschko T (1997) Moving least-square reproducing kernel methods (i) methodology and convergence. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 143(1–2):113–154
Liu WK, Ong JS-J, Uras RA (1985) Finite element stabilization matrices—a unification approach. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 53(1):13–46
Mahdavi A, Chi S-W, Atif MM (2020) A two-field semi-Lagrangian reproducing kernel model for impact and penetration simulation into geo-materials. Comput Part Mech 7(2):351–364
Mahdavi A, Chi S-W, Zhu H (2019) A gradient reproducing kernel collocation method for high order differential equations. Comput Mech 64(5):1421–1454
Moutsanidis G, Li W, Bazilevs Y (2021) Reduced quadrature for FEM, IGA and meshfree methods. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 373:113521
Nagashima T (1999) Node-by-node meshless approach and its applications to structural analyses. Int J Numer Methods Eng 46(3):341–385
Nickell JL, Robert E, Sackman R (1968) Approximate solutions in linear, coupled thermoelasticity. J Appl Mech 35(2):255–266
Nowacki W (1975) Dynamic problems of thermoelasticity. Springer, New York
Prevost J-H, Tao D (1983) Finite element analysis of dynamic coupled thermoelasticity problems with relaxation times. J Appl Mech 50(4a):817–822
Puso MA, Chen J-S, Zywicz E, Elmer W (2008) Meshfree and finite element nodal integration methods. Int J Numer Methods Eng 74(3):416–446
Qian LF, Batra RC (2004) Transient thermoelastic deformations of a thick functionally graded plate. J Therm Stresses 27(8):705–740
Randles PW, Libersky LD (2000) Normalized SPH with stress points. Int J Numer Methods Eng 48(May 1999):1445–1462
Rüter M, Hillman M, Chen J-S (2013) Corrected stabilized non-conforming nodal integration in meshfree methods. In Meshfree methods for partial differential equations VI, pages 75–92. Springer
Siriaksorn T, Chi S-W, Foster C, Mahdavi A (2018) \(u\)-\(p\) semi-Lagrangian reproducing kernel formulation for landslide modeling. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 42(2):231–255
Sladek J, Sladek V, Solek P, Tan CL, Zhang C (2009) Two- and three-dimensional transient thermoelastic analysis by the MLPG method. Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences 47
Sládek V, Sládek J (1985) Boundary element method in micropolar thermoelasticity. Part II: boundary integro-differential equations. Eng Anal 2(2):81–91
Sternberg ELI, Chakravorty JG (1958) On inertia effects in a transient thermoelastic problem. Brown University, Providence
Tanaka M, Matsumoto T, Moradi M (1995) Application of boundary element method to 3-D problems of coupled thermoelasticity. Eng Anal Bound Elem 16(4):297–303
Thornton EA (1996) Thermal structures for aerospace applications. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, New York
Tosaka N, Suh IG (1991) Boundary element analysis of dynamic coupled thermoelasticity problems. Comput Mech 8(5):331–342
Wang D, Wu J (2019) An inherently consistent reproducing kernel gradient smoothing framework toward efficient Galerkin meshfree formulation with explicit quadrature. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 349:628–672
Wei H, Chen J-S, Beckwith F, Baek J (2020) A naturally stabilized semi-Lagrangian meshfree formulation for multiphase porous media with application to landslide modeling. J Eng Mech 146(4):04020012
Wei H, Chen J-S, Hillman M (2016) A stabilized nodally integrated meshfree formulation for fully coupled hydro-mechanical analysis of fluid-saturated porous media. Comput Fluids 141:105–115
Wu C-T, Chi S-W, Koishi M, Wu Y (2016) Strain gradient stabilization with dual stress points for the meshfree nodal integration method in inelastic analyses. Int J Numer Methods Eng 107(1):3–30
Wu C-T, Koishi M, Hu W (2015) A displacement smoothing induced strain gradient stabilization for the meshfree Galerkin nodal integration method. Computational Mechanics
Wu CT, Wu Y, Lyu D, Pan X, Hu W (2020) The momentum-consistent smoothed particle Galerkin (MC-SPG) method for simulating the extreme thread forming in the flow drill screw-driving process. Comput Part Mech 7(2):177–191
Wu J, Wang D (2021) An accuracy analysis of Galerkin meshfree methods accounting for numerical integration. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 375:113631
Zheng BJ, Gao XW, Yang K, Zhang CZ (2015) A novel meshless local Petrov-Galerkin method for dynamic coupled thermoelasticity analysis under thermal and mechanical shock loading. Eng Anal Bound Elem 60:154–161
Acknowledgements
The authors greatly acknowledge the support of this work by Penn State, and the endowment of the L. Robert and Mary L. Kimball Early Career Professorship. Proofing of this manuscript by Jennifer Dougal is also acknowledged and appreciated.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hillman, M., Lin, KC. Nodally integrated thermomechanical RKPM: Part I—Thermoelasticity. Comput Mech 68, 795–820 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-021-02047-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-021-02047-9