Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum has been shown to decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine volume (UV). Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent renal vasoconstrictor, has been implicated. The purpose of this study was to determine renal function, ET-1 gene expression, and peptide localization in kidneys subjected to CO2 pneumoperitoneum.
Methods
Experiments were performed in three groups of anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats in which GFR and UV were measured before, during, and after insufflation. In the first group (n=8), pneumoperitoneum (10 mmHg) was established for 30 min. The second group (n=4) underwent a sham operation without pneumoperitoneum. In the final group (p=4), kidneys were obtained from normal control animals without any prior surgical instrumentation. PreproET-1 (ppET-1) mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The ET-1 peptide was localized within kidneys by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Results
Pneumoperitoneum caused a significant (p<0.05) 87% decrease in GFR and a 79% decrease in UV from baseline, with a return to baseline values after desufflation. RT-PCR showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in expression of ppET-1 mRNA in the laparoscopic group; it was 3.52±0.33 densitometric units (DU), as compared to 0.35±0.06 DU and 0.57±0.12 DU in the control and sham groups, respectively. IHC showed enhanced expression of the ET-1 peptide in the vascular endothelium and proximal tubular cells of the laparoscopic group compared to the control and sham groups.
Conclusion
Pneumoperitoneum induces ET-1 gene and peptide upregulation in the kidney. Expression of ET-1 is increased in the renal vasculature and proximal tubular cells. The elevation of ET-1 and its localization may account for some of the renal dysfunction observed during pneumoperitoneum. This suggests that antagonism of ET-1 may be beneficial in patients with renal impairment undergoing prolonged laparoscopic procedures or in protecting allograft function during and after living donor nephrectomy.
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Online publication: 20 October 2000
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Ambrose, J.A., Onders, R.P., Stowe, N.T. et al. Pneumoperitoneum upregulates preproendothelin-1 messenger RNA. Surg Endosc 15, 183–188 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s004640000313
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004640000313