Abstract
Background
Radical resection is the only curative option for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) to achieve long-term survival. However, due to the fact that radical resection of HCCA has high technical requirements, the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic resection for HCCA remains controversial.
Method
From January 2015 to December 2018, 23 cases of HCCA underwent radical resection in our center. Clinical data of those patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively.
Results
14 patients underwent laparoscopic resection and 9 cases received open resection. 2 patients in laparoscopic group were converted to laparotomy. Operation time in laparoscopic group was significantly longer than that in open group (519.4 ± 155.4 min vs 366.7 ± 93.1 min). Estimated blood loss (620.0 ± 681.2 ml vs 821.4 ± 713.8 ml) and incidence of intraoperative blood transfusion (5/9 vs 8/14) did not differ significantly between two groups. Pathological outcomes were comparable between two groups. Length of postoperative hospital stay (23.4 ± 13.4 days vs 17.8 ± 7.1 days), severe postoperative morbidity (3/9 vs 5/14), bile leakage of Grade A or B (5/9 vs 5/14), intra-abdominal bleeding (0/9 vs 1/14), intra-abdominal abscess (1/9 vs 0/14), wound infection (0/9 vs 1/14), pulmonary infection (2/9 vs 0/14), and liver failure (0/9 vs 0/14) did not differ significantly between two groups. One patient in laparoscopic group died (1/14) at 21 postoperative days due to intra-abdominal bleeding, while no 30-day mortality was observed in open group.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that laparoscopic radical resection of HCCA is safe and feasible in experienced hands. Although laparoscopic resection for HCCA, which is still in initial and exploratory stage, fails to show any advantage over open resection in this study, we are optimistic with its wide application in future with the improvement of surgical techniques and experience.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Nagino M (2012) Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a surgeon’s viewpoint on current topics. J Gastroenterol 47:1165–1176
Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA (2004) Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 240:205–213
Koch M, Garden OJ, Padbury R, Rahbari NN, Adam R, Capussotti L, Fan ST, Yokoyama Y, Crawford M, Makuuchi M, Christophi C, Banting S, Brooke-Smith M, Usatoff V, Nagino M, Maddern G, Hugh TJ, Vauthey JN, Greig P, Rees M, Nimura Y, Figueras J, DeMatteo RP, Buchler MW, Weitz J (2011) Bile leakage after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: a definition and grading of severity by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery. Surgery 149:680–688
Miyata T, Okabe H, Chikamoto A, Yamao T, Umezaki N, Tsukamoto M, Kitano Y, Arima K, Nakagawa S, Imai K, Hashimoto D, Yamashita YI, Baba H (2017) A long-term survivor of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with resection of recurrent peritoneal dissemination after R0 surgery: a case report. Surg Case Rep 3:110
Yu H, Wu SD, Chen DX, Zhu G (2011) Laparoscopic resection of Bismuth type I and II hilar cholangiocarcinoma: an audit of 14 cases from two institutions. Dig Surg 28:44–49
Li J, Zhao L, Zhang J, Li Z, Li A, Wei Y, Xu J (2017) Application of the laparoscopic technique in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma surgery. Int J Surg 44:104–109
Lee W, Han HS, Yoon YS, Cho JY, Choi Y, Shin HK, Jang JY, Choi H (2015) Laparoscopic resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Treat Res 89:228–232
Machado MA, Makdissi FF, Surjan RC, Mochizuki M (2012) Laparoscopic resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech Part A 22:954–956
Puntambekar S, Sharma V, Kumar S, Mitkare S, Joshi G, Parikh H (2016) Laparoscopic management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a case report. Indian J Surg 78:57–59
Zhang CW, Liu J, Hong DF, Wang ZF, Hu ZM, Huang DS, Shang MJ, Yao WF (2017) Pure laparoscopic radical resection for type IIIa hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Endosc 32(3):1581–1582
Nimura Y, Hayakawa N, Kamiya J, Kondo S, Shionoya S (1990) Hepatic segmentectomy with caudate lobe resection for bile duct carcinoma of the hepatic hilus. World J Surg 14:535–543 (discussion 544)
Cho A, Yamamoto H, Kainuma O, Muto Y, Yanagibashi H, Tonooka T, Masuda T (2014) Laparoscopy in the management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 20:15153–15157
Wang M, Peng B, Liu J, Yin X, Tan Z, Liu R, Hong D, Zhao W, Wu H, Chen R, Li D, Huang H, Miao Y, Liu Y, Liang T, Wang W, Cai Y, Xing Z, Cheng W, Zhong X, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Yang Z, Li G, Shao Y, Lin G, Jiang K, Wu P, Jia B, Ma T, Jiang C, Peng S, Qin R (2019) practice patterns and perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy in China: a retrospective multicenter analysis of 1029 patients. Ann Surg. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000003190
Salloum C, Lahat E, Lim C, Doussot A, Osseis M, Compagnon P, Azoulay D (2016) Laparoscopic isolated resection of caudate lobe (segment 1): a safe and versatile technique. J Am Coll Surg 222:e61–e66
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Disclosures
All authors including Yuhua Zhang, Changwei Dou, Weiding Wu, Jie Liu, Liming Jin, Zhiming Hu, and Chengwu Zhang have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Y., Dou, C., Wu, W. et al. Total laparoscopic versus open radical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Endosc 34, 4382–4387 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-019-07211-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-019-07211-0