References
ACGME (2012) ACGME residency requirements. http://www.acgme.org/portals/0/pfassets/programrequirements/440_general_surgery
Britt LD, Richardson JD (2007) Residency review committee for surgery: an update. Arch Surg 142:573–575
Marshall JB (1995) Technical proficiency of trainees performing colonoscopy: a learning curve. Gastrointest Endosc 42:287–291
Mehran A, Jaffe P, Efron J, Vernava A, Liberman MA (2003) Colonoscopy: why are general surgeons being excluded? Surg Endosc 17:1971–1973
Reed WP, Kilkenny JW, Dias CE, Wexner SD (2004) A prospective analysis of 3525 esophagogastroduodenoscopies performed by surgeons. Surg Endosc 18:11–21
Wexner SD, Garbus JE, Singh JJ (2001) A prospective analysis of 13,580 colonoscopies. Reevaluation of credentialing guidelines. Surg Endosc 15:251–261
Bhangu A, Bowley DM, Horner R, Baranowski E, Raman S, Karandikar S (2012) Volume and accreditation, but not specialty, affect quality standards in colonoscopy. Br J Surg 99:1436–1444
Rabeneck L, Paszat LF, Saskin R (2010) Endoscopist specialty is associated with incident colorectal cancer after a negative colonoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 8:275–279
Kozbial K, Reinhart K, Heinze G, Zwatz C, Bannert C, Salzl P, Waldmann E, Britto-Arias M, Ferlitsch A, Trauner M, Weiss W, Ferlitsch M (2015) High quality of screening colonoscopy in Austria is not dependent on endoscopist specialty or setting. Endoscopy 47:207–216
Spier BJ, Durkin ET, Walker AJ, Foley E, Gaumnitz EA, Pfau PR (2010) Surgical resident’s training in colonoscopy: numbers, competency, and perceptions. Surg Endosc 24:2556–2561
Adler DG, Bakis G, Coyle WJ, DeGregorio B, Dua KS, Lee LS, McHenry L, Pais SA, Rajan E, Sedlack RE, Shami VM, Faulx AL (2012) Principles of training in GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 75:231–235
Dunkin BJ, Vargo JJ (2008) Measuring procedural competence in endoscopy: what do the numbers really tell us? Gastrointest Endosc 68:1063–1065
Cass OW (1999) Training to competence in gastrointestinal endoscopy: a plea for continuous measuring of objective end points. Endoscopy 31:751–754
Williams MR, Crossett JR, Cleveland EM, Smoot CP, Aluka KJ, Coviello LC, Davis KG (2015) Equivalence in colonoscopy results between gastroenterologists and general surgery residents following an endoscopy simulation curriculum. J Surg Educ 72:654–657
Sickle KR, Buck L, Willis R, Mangram A, Truitt MS, Shabahang M, Thomas S, Trombetta L, Dunkin B, Scott D (2011) A multicenter, simulation-based skills training collaborative using shared GI mentor II systems: results from the Texas association of surgical skills laboratories (TASSL) flexible endoscopy curriculum. Surg Endosc 25:2980–2986
Ende A, Zopf Y, Konturek P, Naegel A, Hahn EG, Matthes K, Maiss J (2012) Strategies for training in diagnostic upper endoscopy: a prospective, randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc 75:254–260
Ortolani JB, Zhong X, Tershak DR, Ferrara JJ, Paget CJ (2015) Quality metrics in surgery resident performance of screening colonoscopy. Am Surg 81:710–713
Cohen J (2010) Objective longitudinal performance measurement using the Mayo Colonoscopy Skills Assessment Tool: a step in the right direction. Gastrointest Endosc 72:1134–1137
Sedlack RE (2010) The Mayo Colonoscopy Skills Assessment Tool: validation of a unique instrument to assess colonoscopy skills in trainees. Gastrointest Endosc 72:1125–1133
Vassiliou MC, Kaneva PA, Poulose BK, Dunkin BJ, Marks JM, Sadik R, Sroka G, Anvari M, Thaler K, Adrales GL, Hazey JW, Lightdale JR, Velanovich V, Swanstrom LL, Mellinger JD, Fried GM (2010) Global Assessment of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Skills (GAGES): a valid measurement tool for technical skills in flexible endoscopy. Surg Endosc 24:1834–1841
Sedlack RE (2011) Defining competency in colonoscopy: 140 is not nearly enough. A call for standardization between specialties. Gastrointest Endosc 74:729
Freeman ML (2001) Training and competence in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Rev Gastroenterol Disord 1:73–86
Lee S-H, Chung I-K, Kim S-J, Kim J-O, Ko B-M, Hwangbo Y, Kim WH, Park DH, Lee SK, Park CH, Baek I-H, Park DI, Park S-J, Ji J-S, Jang B-I, Jeen Y-T, Shin JE, Byeon J-S, Eun C-S, Han DS (2008) An adequate level of training for technical competence in screening and diagnostic colonoscopy: a prospective multicenter evaluation of the learning curve. Gastrointest Endosc 67:683–689
Cotton PB, Hawes RH, Barkun A, Ginsberg GG, Amman S, Cohen J, Ponsky J, Rex DK, Schembre D, Wilcox CM (2006) Excellence in endoscopy: toward practical metrics. Gastrointest Endosc 63:286–291
ASGE (2000) Quality and outcomes assessment in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 52:827–830
Adamsen S, Funch-Jensen PM, Drewes AM, Rosenberg J, Grantcharov TP (2005) A comparative study of skills in virtual laparoscopy and endoscopy. Surg Endosc 19:229–234
Adamsen S (2005) The endoscopic training triangle: advancing from focus on skills to competence-based training. Endoscopy 37:854–856
Cohen J, Cohen SA, Vora KC, Xue X, Burdick JS, Bank S, Bini EJ, Bodenheimer H, Cerulli M, Gerdes H, Greenwald D, Gress F, Grosman I, Hawes R, Mullin G, Schnoll-Sussman F, Starpoli A, Stevens P, Tenner S, Villanueva G (2006) Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of virtual- reality simulator training in acquisition of competency in colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 64:361–368
Sachdeva AK, Buyske J, Dunnington GL, Sanfey HA, Mellinger JD, Scott DJ, Satava R, Fried GM, Jacobs LM, Burns KJ (2011) A new paradigm for surgical procedural training. Curr Prob Surg 48:854–968
Dunkin B, Adrales GL, Apelgren K, Mellinger JD (2006) Surgical simulation: a current review. Surg Endosc 21:357–366
Haycock A, Koch AD, Familiari P, van Delft F, Dekker E, Petruzziello L, Haringsma J, Thomas-Gibson S (2010) Training and transfer of colonoscopy skills: a multinational, randomized, blinded, controlled trial of simulator versus bedside training. Gastrointest Endosc 71:298–307
Acknowledgments
The authors of this guideline would like to thank the members of two committees whose members are listed below.
Flexible endoscopy
Drs. Matthew Albert, Joel Anderson, Juliane Bingener-Casey, Curtis Bower, Robert Bowles, Racquel Bueno, Amy Cha, John Cosgrove, Giovanni Dapri, Brian Davis, Peter Denk, Brian Dunkin, Manoel Galvao Neto, Melanie Hafford, Robert Hawes, Jeffrey Hazey, Eric Hungness, Andrew Kastenmeier, Leena Khaitan, Michael Kochman, Edward Lin, Saniea Majid, John Marks, Jeffrey Marks, Jose Martinez, Daniel McKenna, Elisabeth McLemore, Ellen Morrow, Faris Murad, Ankit Patel, Eric Pauli, Kyle Perry, Melissa Phillips, Jeffrey Ponsky, Kinga Powers, Archana Ramaswamy, Michael Russo, Mario Salazar, Bryan Sandler, Wayne Schwesinger, Niazy Selim, Lee Smith, Nabil Tariq, Ezra Teitelbaum, Dana Telem, Thadeus Trus, Michael Ujiki, David Urbach, Vic Velanovich, Gary Vitale, Richard Whelan, Andrew Wright, Manabu Yamamoto, Bradley Zagol and Kashif Zuberi.
Guidelines
Drs. Sajida Ahad, Edward Auyang, Ziad Awad, Dustin Bermudez, Giovanni Dapri, Steven DeMeester, Robert Fanelli, Liane Feldman, Erika Fellinger, Patrice Frederick, Teresa H. deBeche-Adams, Stephen Haggerty, Imran Hassan, Celeste Hollands, William Hope, Mustafa Hussain, Duke Jaspal, Jason Keune, Geoffrey Kohn, Daniel McKenna, Oliver Muensterer, Vimal Narula, David Overby, Jonathan Pearl, Raymond Price, Michael Pucci, Francisco Quinteros, Nathan Richards, William Richardson, Dimitrios Stefanidis, Nathaniel Stoikes, Mark Talamini, Akuezunkpa Ude, Pratibha Vemulapalli, Danielle Walsh, Joerg Zehetner and Marc Zerey.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Disclosures
Dr. Marks reports personal fees from Boston Scientific, personal fees from Olympus, personal fees from US Endoscopy, personal fees from WL Gore, personal fees from GI Supply, personal fees from Apollo Endosurgery, outside the submitted work. Dr. Fanelli reports other from Allurion Technologies, Inc., other from Respiratory Motion, Inc., other from Mozaic Medical, Inc., other from Cook, Inc.; he reports that he is a member of the Governing Board for SAGES, committee member for ASGE and a Director for the American Board of Surgery. All reported activity is outside the submitted work. Dr. Stefanidis reports personal fees from WL Gore, personal fees from Davol, outside the submitted work. Drs. Pearl, Fellinger, Dunkin, Pauli, Trus, Meara, Richardson have nothing to disclose.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pearl, J., Fellinger, E., Dunkin, B. et al. Guidelines for privileging and credentialing physicians in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Surg Endosc 30, 3184–3190 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-016-5066-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-016-5066-8