Abstract
Background
Minimal access surgery (MAS) can be a lengthy procedure when compared to open surgery and therefore surgeon fatigue becomes an important issue and surgeons may expose themselves to chronic injuries and making errors. There have been few studies on this topic and they have used only questionnaires and electromyography rather than direct measurement of energy expenditure (EE). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of an armrest could reduce the EE of surgeons during MAS.
Method
Sixteen surgeons performed simulated MAS with and without using an armrest. They were required to perform the time-consuming task of using scissors to cut a rubber glove through its top layer in a triangular fashion with the help of a laparoscopic camera. Energy consumptions were measured using the Oxycon® Mobile system during all the procedures. Error rate and duration time for simulated surgery were recorded. After performing the simulated surgery, subjects scored how comfortable they felt using the armrest.
Results
It was found that O2 uptake (VO2) was 5 % less when surgeons used the armrest. The error rate when performing the procedure with the armrest was 35 % compared with 42.29 % without the armrest. Additionally, comfort levels with the armrest were higher than without the armrest. 75 % of surgeons indicated a preference for using the armrest during the simulated surgery.
Conclusion
The armrest provides support for surgeons and cuts energy consumption during simulated MAS.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Mr. Sadiq Nasir and Mr. Ian Christie for their technical support.
Disclosures
Dr. Brown is a named coinventor of the surgical armrest product. Mr. Jafri, Dr. Arnold, Professor Abboud, and Dr Wang have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
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Jafri, M., Brown, S., Arnold, G. et al. Energy consumption during simulated minimal access surgery with and without using an armrest. Surg Endosc 27, 971–977 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-012-2544-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-012-2544-5