Abstract
Background
The undescended testis represents one of the most common disorders of childhood. The authors evaluated the safety and efficacy of laparoscopy for the abdominal testis and present a classification of the laparoscopic diagnostic findings to facilitate decision making.
Methods
Between 2000 and 2005, 95 patients (22 bilateral and 73 unilateral testes, for a total of 117 impalpable testes) with a mean age of 5 years underwent laparoscopy. The testis was managed according to a special classification of the diagnostic findings. Testicular position, size, and viability according to technetium-99m (99mTc) were assessed during the follow-up evaluation.
Results
The laparoscopic findings were classified into six types: type 0 (no testis or vanished testis proximal to the internal ring; 9 patients [7.5%]); type 1 (atrophic intracanalicular testis; 6 patients [5.4%], for whom no further intervention was administered); type 2 (testis at the internal ring with looping vas; 15 patients [14.5%], for whom laparoscopic orchiopexy was performed); type 3 (testis at the internal ring without looping of the vas; 29 patients [24.7%], for whom laparoscopic orchiopexy also was performed; type 4 (high abdominal testes; 49 patients [41.9%], with Staged Fowler–Stephens orchiopexy performed for 47 testes and laparoscopic orchidectomy for 2 testes; and type 5 (persistence of Müllerian duct structures [PMDS] or other abnormalities; 7 testes [6%]). After a mean follow-up period of 3 years, the laparoscopic orchiopexy testes were of good size and viable, but four testes (8.7%) were at the neck of the scrotum. The laparoscopically staged Fowler–Stephens orchiopexy group showed atrophy in two testes (4.3%), and all were in the bottom of the scrotum.
Conclusions
Classification of the laparoscopic findings facilitates decision making. Laparoscopic orchiopexy is a natural extension of diagnostic laparoscopy for the intraabdominal testis at the internal ring or that seen peeping from it. Laparoscopically staged Fowler–Stephens orchiopexy is the procedure of choice for the high intraabdominal testis not amenable to the one-stage procedure.
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F. El-Anany and M. Gad El-Moula equally shared
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El-Anany, F., Gad El-Moula, M., Abdel Moneim, A. et al. Laparoscopy for impalpable testis: classification-based management. Surg Endosc 21, 449–454 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-006-9003-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-006-9003-0