Zusammenfassung
Die komplexen und vielfältigen Funktionen, die der Supervisor ausüben muss, um mit dem Kandidaten zusammen den Verlauf komplexer Prozesse verfolgen zu können, sind unter anderem:
• die Ziele der Supervision im Auge behalten,
• ein Lehrbündnis bilden sowie den Wunsch und die Ambition des Kandidaten zu lernen unterstützen,
• die Dynamik der Ausbildungssituation beachtend, eine Plattform für die komplexen Interaktionen mit den Kandidaten erstellen und die Einflüsse der Institution berücksichtigen,
• den Rahmen für die Arbeit festsetzen,
• untersuchen und reflektierend mitverfolgen, wie Übertragung und Gegenübertragung die Interaktion zwischen Patient und Analytiker sowie zwischen Kandidat und Supervisor beeinflussen,
• die Interaktion zwischen Kandidat und Analysand fokussieren, diese Interaktionen gemeinsam mit dem Kandidaten untersuchen, und ihn dabei dazu anregen, auch selbstständig zu analysieren,
• kontinuierlich Hypothesen über Kernkonflikt, Übertragungsphänomene und Widerstand beim Patienten erarbeiten sowie
• die gemeinsame Arbeit reflektierend und prüfend untersuchen.
Abstract
The manifold functions of a supervisor in following the course of complex processes together with the trainee, are:
• to keep the goals of the supervision in view,
• to establish a teaching alliance and to support the wish and ambitions of the candidate to learn,
• to build a platform for the complex interactions with the trainee with regard to the dynamics of the training situation and keeping in mind the institutional influences,
• to lay down the setting for the work,
• to explore and to reflect how transference and counter-transference influence the interaction between patient and analyst as well as between trainee and supervisor,
• to examine these interactions together focussing continuously on the interaction between candidate and patient, and to encourage the candidate to do the same on his own,
• to continuously formulate hypotheses about the core conflict, the transference phenomena and resistance of the patient,
• to explore and reflect on the cooperative work.
Literatur
Arlow JA (1963) The supervisory situation. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 11:576–594
Balint M (1948) On the psychoanalytic training system. Int J Psychoanal 29:163–173
Barnett R (1998) Training the trainers: is supervision inherent, caught or taught? In: Clarkson P (ed) Supervision, psychoanalytic and Jungian perspectives. Whurr, London
Baudry FD (1993) The personal dimension and management of the supervisory situation with a special note on the parallel process. Psychoanal Q 62:588–614
Benedek T (1954) Countertransference in the training analysis. Bull Menninger Clin 18:12–16
Beutler LE (1997) The psychotherapist as a neglected variable in psychotherapy: an illustration by reference to the role of therapist experience and training. Clin Psychol Sci Pract 4:44–52
Binder JL (1993) Is it time to improve psychotherapy training? Clin Psychol Rev 13:301–318
Binder JL, Strupp HH (1997) Supervision of psychodynamic psychotherapies. In: Watkins CE Jr (ed) Handbook of psychotherapy supervision. John Wiley, New York, pp 44–62
Bell DC de (1963) A critical digest of literature on psychoanalytic supervision. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 11:546–575
Dewald P (1987) Learning process in psychoanalytic supervision: complexities and challenges. International University Press, New York
Doehrman MJG (1976) Parallel processes in supervision and psychotherapy. Bull Menninger Clin 1:9–105
Ekstein R, Wallerstein R (1958) The teaching and learning of psychotherapy. Basic Books, New York
Festinger L (1957) A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stamford University Press, Stamford
Fleming J, Benedek T (1966) Psychoanalytic supervision: a method of clinical teaching. Grune & Stratton, New York
Frawley-O’Dea MG, Sarnat JE (2001) The supervisory relationship. Guilford, New York, London
Frayn DH (1995) Premature termination issues in psychoanalytic control cases. Can J Psychoanal 3:17–42
Gediman HK, Wolkenfeld F (1980) The parallelism phenomenon in psychoanalysis and supervision: its reconsideration as a triadic system. Psychoanal Q 44:234–255
Grinberg L (1970) The problems of supervision in psychoanalytic education. Int J Psychoanal 51:371–384
Gross-Doehrman MJ (1976) Parallel processes in supervision and psychotherapy. Bull Menninger Clin 40:3–104
Heising G (1976) Zur Psychodynamik der Supervision. Prax Psychother 21:185–191
Issacharoff A (1984) Countertransference in supervision. In: Caligor L, Bromberg P, Meltzer J (eds) Clinical perspectives on the supervision of psycho-analysis and psychotherapy. Plenum, New York
Jacob P (1981) The San Francisco project: the analyst at work. In: Wallerstein R (ed) Becoming a psychoanalyst. A study of psychoanalytic supervision. International University Press, New York
Jacobs D, David P, Meyer D (1995) The supervisory encounter. Yale University Press, New Haven
Kapelle V (1996) How useful is selection? Int J Psychoanal 77:1213–1232
Kernberg O (1984) Changes in the nature of psychoanalytic training and standards of training. In: Wallerstein R (ed), Changes in analysts and in their training. Int Psychoanal Monogr Series No. 4
Kernberg O (1996) Thirty different methods to destroy the creativity of the candidates. Int J Psychoanal 77:1031–1040
Kernberg O (2000) A concerned critique of psychoanalytic education. Int J Psychoanal 81:97–120
Kovács V (1936) Training and control analysis. Int J Psychoanal 17:346–354
Lagerlöf S, Sigrell B (1998) A discussion of models for the selection of patients for supervised psychoanalysis. J Clin Psychoanal (in press)
Langs R (1979) The supervisory experience. Aronson, New York
Lester EP, Robertson BM (1995) Multiple interactive processes in psychoanalytic supervision. Psychoanal Inq 15:211–225
Martin GC, Mayerson P, Olsen HE, Wiberg JL (1978) Candidates evaluation of psychoanalytic supervision. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 25:407–424
Matthis I (1981) On shame, women and social conventions. Scand Psychoanal Rev 4:45–48
Myerson PG (1981) On being a member of a supervision study group. In: Wallerstein R (ed) Becoming a psychoanalyst. International University Press, New York
Pedder J (1986) Reflections on the theory and practice of supervision. Psychoanal Psychother 2(1):1–12
Piaget J (1958) The development of thought: equilibration of cognitive structures. Viking, New York
Reichelt S, Skjerva J (2002) Correspondence between supervisors and trainees in their perceptions of supervision events. J Clin Psychol 58:759–772
Sandell R (1985) Influences of supervision, therapist’s competence and patients ego level on the effects of time-limited therapy. Psychother Psychosom 44:102–109
Sarnat JE (1992) Supervision in relationship: resolving the teachtreat controversy in psychoanalytic supervision. Psychoanal Psychol 9(3):387–403
Searles H (1965) Problems of psychoanalytic supervision. In: Searles H (ed) Collected papers in schizophrenia and related subjects. Hogarth, London
Shane M, Shane E (1995) “Un-American activities”, and other dilemmas in supervision. Psychoanal Inq 15:226–239
Stimmel B (1995) Resistance to awareness of the supervisor’s transference with special reference to the parallel process. Int J Psychoanal 76:609–618
Szasz TS (1985) Psychoanalytic training: a socio-psychological analysis of its history and present status. Int J Psychoanal 39:1–16
Szecsödy I (1986) Feedback in psychotherapy and training. Nord Psykiatr Tidskr 40:193–200
Szecsödy I (1990) The learning process in psychotherapy supervision. Academic dissertation. Karolinska Inst, Stockholm
Szecsödy I (1994) Supervision – a complex tool for psychoanalytic training. Scand Psychoanal Rev 17:119–129
Szecsödy I (1997 a) (How) is learning possible in supervision? In: Martindale B, Mörner M, Eugenia M, Rodrigues C, Vidit JP (eds) Supervision and its vicissitudes. Karnac, London
Szecsödy I (1997 b) Framing the psychoanalytic frame. Scand Psychoanal Rev 20:238–243
Szecsödy I (1999) How far do our training models meet the needs of the candidates of today. EPF Bull 52:57–72
Székely L (1979) Some thoughts on psychoanalytic education (not published)
Teitelbaum SH (1990) Supertransference: the role of the supervisor’s blind spots. Psychoanal Psychol 7(2):243–258
Thomä H, Kächele H (1987) Psychoanalytic practice, vol 1: Principles. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Wallerstein R (1981) Becoming a psychoanalyst. A study of psychoanalytic supervision. International University Press, New York
Watkins C (1997) Handbook of psychotherapy supervision. Wiley & Sons, New York
Wolkenfeld F (1990) The parallel process phenomenon revisited: some additional thoughts about the supervisory process. In: Lane R (ed) Psychoanalytic approaches to supervision. Bruner & Mazel, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Szecsödy, I. Zur Dynamik der Interaktion in der Supervision. Forum Psychoanal 23, 393–401 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00451-007-0332-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00451-007-0332-y