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Development of a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed bioreactor for enzymatic synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl oleate

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Abstract

This study aimed to develop and investigate the synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl oleate catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase immobilized on magnetic poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (STY–DVB-M) particles in a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed reactor (MSFBR) operated in continuous mode. The physical properties of the copolymer were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The glass transition temperature was 85.68 °C, and the onset of thermal degradation occurred at 406.66 °C. Syntheses were performed at 50 °C using a space time of 12 h and a bed porosity of 0.892. Assays were conducted to assess the influence of magnetic field intensity (5 to 15 mT) on reaction yield, ester concentration, and productivity. The highest productivity was 0.850 ± 0.023 mmol g−1 h−1, obtained with a magnetic field intensity of 15 mT. An operational stability test was performed under these conditions, revealing a biocatalyst half-life of 2148 h (179 operation cycles) and a thermal deactivation constant of 3.23 × 10−4 h−1 (R2 = 0.9446). Computational simulations and mathematical modeling were performed using Scilab based on ping-pong bi–bi kinetics and molar balances of reaction species. The model provided consistent results of interstitial velocity and good prediction of reaction yields, with R2 = 0.926. These findings demonstrate that the studied technique can provide improvements in biocatalytic processes, representing a promising strategy for the enzymatic synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl oleate.

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Abbreviations

\({A}_{\mathrm{P}}\) :

Sum of the outer areas of particles (m2)

C Ac0 :

Initial acid concentration (mol L−1)

C Acs :

Acid concentration (mol L−1)

C Al0 :

Initial alcohol concentration (mol L−1)

C Als :

Alcohol concentration (mol L−1)

\({C}_{\mathrm{j}}\) :

Concentration of species j within particles (kmol m−3)

\({C}_{\mathrm{js}}\) :

Concentration of species j in solution (kmol m−3)

\({C}_{\mathrm{jsp}}\) :

Concentration of species j within particles, near the particle surface (kmol m−3)

\({C}_{\mathrm{jss}}\) :

Concentration of species j in solution, near the particle surface (kmol m−3)

C Ess :

Ester concentration (mol L−1)

C Ws :

Water concentration (mol L−1)

\({\text{f}}_{\text{CD}}\) :

Correlation factor between mass transfer coefficients

\({K}_{\mathrm{eq}}\) :

Esterification equilibrium constant

\({K}_{\mathrm{ij}}\) :

Inhibition constant for species j

\({k}_{\mathrm{jcp}}\) :

Coefficient of mass transfer within particles (m min−1)

\({k}_{\mathrm{jcs}}\) :

Coefficient of mass transfer in solution (m min−1)

\({K}_{\mathrm{mj}}\) :

Michaelis–Menten constant for species j

\({K}_{\mathrm{Pj}}\) :

Partition coefficient

r :

Reaction rate (mol L−1 s−1)

\({V}_{\mathrm{max}}^{f}\) :

Maximum rate of the forward reaction

\({V}_{\mathrm{max}}^{r}\) :

Maximum rate of the reverse reaction

\({V}_{\mathrm{P}}\) :

Sum of particle volumes in the fluidized bed (m3)

X :

Reagent conversion

\(\theta\) :

Ratio of \({C}_{\mathrm{Al}0}\) to \({C}_{\mathrm{Ac}0}\)

α :

Empirical factor (min mL−1)

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Acknowledgements

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation—Brazil (FAPESP) (grants numbers 2016/17833-3 and 2016/10636-8).

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, 12602-810, Brazil

    Mateus V. C. da Silva, Amanda B. S. Rangel, Cíntia M. R. Rosa, Gabrielle P. de Assis, Leandro G. Aguiar & Larissa de Freitas

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  1. Mateus V. C. da Silva
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Correspondence to Larissa de Freitas.

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da Silva, M.V.C., Rangel, A.B.S., Rosa, C.M.R. et al. Development of a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed bioreactor for enzymatic synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl oleate. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 46, 1665–1676 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-023-02928-8

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