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Optical and biological properties of MgO/ZnO nanocomposite derived via eggshell membrane: a bio-waste approach

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Abstract

A novel synthesis of MgO/ZnO nanocomposite using a template, namely an eggshell membrane (ESM) was attempted. The nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, UV–visible, FTIR, Raman, DLS (zeta potential and particle size distribution), FESEM with EDX, and HRTEM analysis. The presence of periclase cubic MgO (space group Fm3m) and hexagonal wurtzite ZnO (space group P63mc) structures was verified by the XRD results. The average crystallite size of the MgO/ZnO nanocomposite was equal to 9.43 nm. The nanocomposite exhibited an on-set of absorbance close to 300 nm. From the taucs plot, the bandgap of the composite was calculated, and it was equal to 3.63 eV. The FTIR spectrum of the composite showed Mg–O stretching vibration at 455 cm−1 and that of Zn–O at 564 cm−1. The zeta potential and the particle size distribution of the nanocomposite were equal to − 35.5 mV and 176.1 nm. The FESEM images of the nanocomposite appeared as an aggregated honeycomb with a cubic and hexagonal structure. The EDX analysis showed the presence of Mg (23.65 atom%), Zn (27.95 atom%), and O (48.40 atom%). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the nanocomposite were investigated using the agar-well diffusion method. The antibacterial activity exhibited the highest zone of inhibition for Bacillus subtilis (25 ± 0.41 mm) and Shigella dysenteria (25 ± 0.19 mm), whereas the antifungal activity showed the highest zone of inhibition for Aspergillus terrus (27 ± 0.25 mm). The MIC value of the nanocomposite was equal to 9.37 (µg/mL) for all the bacteria. Hence, it is verified that the present MgO/ZnO nanocomposite could very well be used to treat bacterial and fungal infections.

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This article includes the raw and processed data used to produce the results of the study.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully thank financial support from RUSA 2.0, India (Ref No. C3/RI&QI/RUSA 2.0/Theme-2 Project/Award/2021/032 dt.: 03.02.2021), University of Madras.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India

    S. Prashanna Suvaitha, T. Divya & K. Venkatachalam

  2. Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    P. Sridhar & P. Palani

Authors
  1. S. Prashanna Suvaitha
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  2. T. Divya
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  3. P. Sridhar
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  4. P. Palani
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  5. K. Venkatachalam
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Contributions

SPS—conceptualization; methodology; formal analysis; investigation; writing original draft preparation; writing-review and editing. TD—investigation; methodology. PS—investigation; methodology. PP—providing lab facilities for testing antibacterial and antifungal activity. KV—visualization; supervision and writing-review.

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Correspondence to K. Venkatachalam.

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Prashanna Suvaitha, S., Divya, T., Sridhar, P. et al. Optical and biological properties of MgO/ZnO nanocomposite derived via eggshell membrane: a bio-waste approach. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 46, 39–51 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-022-02811-y

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