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Poly-γ-glutamic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using corn straw and its fertilizer synergistic effect evaluation

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Abstract

Agricultural wastes rich in lignocellulosic biomass have been used in the production of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), but this process is complicated and generates a lot of wastes. In order to find a simpler and greener way to produce γ-PGA using agricultural wastes, this study attempted to establish simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with citric acid-pretreated corn straw. The possibility of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JX-6 using corn straw as substrate to synthesize γ-PGA was validated, and the results showed that increasing the proportion of glucose in the substrate could improve the γ-PGA yield. Based on these preliminary results, the corn straw was pretreated using citric acid. Then, the liquid fraction (xylan-rich) was used for cultivation of seed culture, and the solid fraction (glucan-rich) was used as the substrate for SSF. In a 10-L fermenter, the maximum cumulative γ-PGA concentration in batch and fed-batch SSF were 5.08 ± 0.78 g/L and 10.78 ± 0.32 g/L, respectively. Moreover, the product from SSF without γ-PGA extraction was used as a fertilizer synergist, increasing the yield of pepper by 13.46% (P < 0.05). Our study greatly simplified the production steps of γ-PGA, and each step achieved zero emission as far as possible. The SSF process for γ-PGA production provided a simple and green way for lignocellulose biorefinery and sustainable cultivation in agriculture

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by CAS “Light of West China” Program (2019XBZG_XBQNXZ_A_001; 2019XBZG_JCTD_ZDSYS_001), the Grant from Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (2020ZYD023), the Major Science and Technology Projects of Sichuan Province (No. 2018SZDZX0024), and Talent special support from the Organization Department of Sichuan Provincial Party Committee.

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Author notes

  1. Gaosheng Ji, Lishan Xu and Qingyang Lyu are contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China

    Gaosheng Ji, Lishan Xu, Qingyang Lyu, Yang Liu, Xudong Li & Zhiying Yan

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Gaosheng Ji

  3. Institute of Horticulture, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China

    Xuefeng Gong

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  1. Gaosheng Ji
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Ji, G., Xu, L., Lyu, Q. et al. Poly-γ-glutamic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using corn straw and its fertilizer synergistic effect evaluation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 44, 2181–2191 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-021-02593-9

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