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Molecular biohydrogen production by dark and photo fermentation from wastes containing starch: recent advancement and future perspective

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Abstract

Changing lifestyle is increasing the energy demand. Fossil fuel is unable to deliver such huge energy. Clean energy from renewable source can solve this problem. Hydrogen is a clean and energy-efficient fuel and used for electricity generation by fuel cells or can be used in combustion engine. Easy availability of starch wastes from different industrial food processing wastes makes it a potential source for hydrogen (H2) generation. Among various processes such as steam reforming, electrolysis, biophotolysis of water and anaerobic fermentation, anaerobic fermentation technique is environmentally friendly and requires less external energy, making it a preferred process for H2 generation. Dark fermentation process can use wide range of substrates including agricultural and industrial starchy waste with low level of undesirable compounds. Application of both anaerobic dark and photofermentation can improve H2 yield and production rate. H2 production from wastes containing starch serves dual benefit of waste reduction and energy generation. As starch is a polymer and all hydrogen-producing bacteria cannot produce amylase to hydrolyze it, a pretreatment step is required to convert starch into glucose and maltose. In this present review paper, we have summarized: (i) potential of various types of starch-containing wastes as feedstock, (ii) various fermentation techniques, (iii) optimization of external process parameter, (iv) application of bioreactor and simulation in fermentation technique and (v) advancement in H2 production from starchy wastes.

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Abbreviations

BChl:

Bacteriochlorophylls

Ca:

Calcium

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

CCD:

Central composite design

CFD:

Computational fluid dynamics

CH4 :

Methane

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DFE:

Dark fermentative effluent

EMP:

Embden–Meyerhof–Parma

Fd:

Ferredoxin

Fe:

Iron

H2 :

Hydrogen

H2O:

Water

LCE:

Light conversion efficiency

Mo:

Molybdenum

NH3 :

Ammonia

Ni:

Nickel

NOx :

Oxide form of nitrogen

PBR:

Photobioreactor

PHB:

Polyhydroxybutyrate

PNSB:

Purple non-sulfur bacteria

RSM:

Response surface methodology

S:

Sulfur

SOx :

Oxide form of sulfur

TVFA:

Total volatile fatty acid

TS:

Total solid

V:

Vanadium

VS:

Volatile solid

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Acknowledgments

Authors are thankful to the Department of Biotechnology of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, for providing workspace and support. Also authors are very much grateful to the reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript.

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The first author is very much thankful to Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India for providing funding as senior research fellowship.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India

    Satya Ranjan Das & Nitai Basak

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Das, S.R., Basak, N. Molecular biohydrogen production by dark and photo fermentation from wastes containing starch: recent advancement and future perspective. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 44, 1–25 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02422-5

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