Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Saccharification of orange peel wastes with crude enzymes from new isolated Aspergillus japonicus PJ01

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study investigated the saccharification of orange peel wastes with crude enzymes from Aspergillus japonicus PJ01. Pretreated orange peel powder was hydrolyzed by submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) crude enzymes, the results showed that 4 % (w/v) of solid loading, undiluted crude enzymes, and 45 °C were suitable saccharification conditions. The hydrolysis kinetics showed that the apparent Michaelis–Menten constant \(K_{{\text{m}_{app} }}\) and maximal reaction rate \(V_{{\max_{app} }}\) were 73.32 g/L and 0.118 g/(L min) for SmF enzyme, and 41.45 g/L and 0.116 g/(L min) for SSF enzyme, respectively. After 48 h of hydrolysis, the saccharification yields were 58.5 and 78.7 %, the reducing sugar concentrations were 14.9 and 20.1 mg/mL by SmF and SSF enzymes. Material balance showed that the SmF enzymatic hydrolysate was enriched galacturonic acid > arabinose > galactose > xylose, and the SSF enzymatic hydrolysate was enriched galacturonic acid > xylose > galactose > arabinose.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

References

  1. USDA (2013) Citrus: world markets and trade. Available from http://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/psdHome.aspx

  2. Pfaltzgraff LA, Cooper EC, Budarin V, Clark JH (2013) Food waste biomass: a resource for high-value chemicals. Green Chem 15:307–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Marín FR, Soler-Rivas C, Benavente-García O, Castillo J, Pérez-Alvarez JA (2007) By-products from different citrus processes as a source of customized functional fibres. Food Chem 100:736–741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Rezzadori K, Benedetti S, Amante E (2012) Proposals for the residues recovery: orange waste as raw material for new products. Food Bioprod Process 90:606–614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Awan AT, Tsukamoto J, Tasic L (2013) Orange waste as a biomass for 2G-ethanol production using low cost enzymes and co-culture fermentation. RSC Adv 3:25071–25078

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wilkins MR, Widmer WW, Grohmann K, Cameron RG (2007) Hydrolysis of grapefruit peel waste with cellulase and pectinase enzymes. Bioresour Technol 98:1596–1601

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Oberoi HS, Sandhu SK, Vadlani PV (2012) Statistical optimization of hydrolysis process for banana peels using cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes. Food Bioprod Process 90:257–265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ghorbanpour Khamseh AA, Miccio M (2012) Comparison of batch, fed-batch and continuous well-mixed reactors for enzymatic hydrolysis of orange peel wastes. Process Biochem 47:1588–1594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Garai D, Kumar V (2013) A Box-Behnken design approach for the production of xylanase by Aspergillus candidus under solid state fermentation and its application in saccharification of agro residues and Parthenium hysterophorus L. Ind Crops Prod 44:352–363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Gao M-T, Yano S, Minowa T (2014) Characteristics of enzymes from Acremonium cellulolyticus strains and their utilization in the saccharification of potato pulp. Biochem Eng J 83:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Yamada R, Yoshie T, Sakai S, Wakai S, Asai-Nakashima N, Okazaki F, Ogino C, Hisada H, Tsutsumi H, Hata Y, Kondo A (2015) Effective saccharification of kraft pulp by using a cellulase cocktail prepared from genetically engineered Aspergillus oryzae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 79:1034–1037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang D, Sun J, Yu H-L, Li C-X, Bao J, Xu J-H (2012) Maximum saccharification of cellulose complex by an enzyme cocktail supplemented with cellulase from newly isolated Aspergillus fumigatus ECU0811. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 166:176–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. P-j Li, J-l Xia, Shan Y, Z-y Nie (2015) Comparative study of multi-enzyme production from typical agro-industrial residues and ultrasound-assisted extraction of crude enzyme in fermentation with Aspergillus japonicus PJ01. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 38:2013–2022

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bansal P, Hall M, Realff MJ, Lee JH, Bommarius AS (2009) Modeling cellulase kinetics on lignocellulosic substrates. Biotechnol Adv 27:833–848

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Philippidis GP, Smith TK, Wyman CE (1993) Study of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose for production of fuel ethanol by the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. Biotechnol Bioeng 41:846–853

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bélafi-Bakó K, Eszterle M, Kiss K, Nemestóthy N, Gubicza L (2007) Hydrolysis of pectin by Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase in a membrane bioreactor. J Food Eng 78:438–442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Baciu I-E, Jördening H-J (2004) Kinetics of galacturonic acid release from sugar-beet pulp. Enzyme Microb Technol 34:505–512

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Demirel D, Hakkı Boyacı İ, Mutlu M (2003) Determination of kinetic parameters of pectolytic enzymes at low pectin concentrations by a simple method. Eur Food Res Technol 217:39–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. P-j Li, J-l Xia, Shan Y, Z-y Nie, F-r Wang (2015) Effects of surfactants and microwave-assisted pretreatment of orange peel on extracellular enzymes production by Aspergillus japonicus PJ01. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 176:758–771

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Li P-J, Xia J-L, Shan Y, Nie Z-Y, Su D-L, Gao Q-R, Zhang C, Ma Y-L (2015) Optimizing production of pectinase from orange peel by Penicillium oxalicum PJ02 using response surface methodology. Waste Biomass Valor 6:13–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Díaz AB, Bolívar J, de Ory I, Caro I, Blandino A (2011) Applicability of enzymatic extracts obtained by solid state fermentation on grape pomace and orange peels mixtures in must clarification. LWT Food Sci Technol 44:840–846

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ghose T (1987) Measurement of cellulase activities. Pure Appl Chem 59:257–268

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bailey MJ, Biely P, Poutanen K (1992) Interlaboratory testing of methods for assay of xylanase activity. J Biotechnol 23:257–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Miller GL (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal Chem 31:426–428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Masuko T, Minami A, Iwasaki N, Majima T, Nishimura S-I, Lee YC (2005) Carbohydrate analysis by a phenol–sulfuric acid method in microplate format. Anal Biochem 339:69–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Pal S, Banik SP, Khowala S (2013) Mustard stalk and straw: a new source for production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by the fungus Termitomyces clypeatus and as a substrate for saccharification. Ind Crops Prod 41:283–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Lv Y, Yang X, Zhao Y, Ruan Y, Yang Y, Wang Z (2009) Separation and quantification of component monosaccharides of the tea polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum by HPLC with indirect UV detection. Food Chem 112:742–746

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Grohmann K, Baldwin E (1992) Hydrolysis of orange peel with pectinase and cellulase enzymes. Biotechnol Lett 14:1169–1174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Zheng Y, Cheng Y-S, Yu C, Zhang R, Jenkins BM, VanderGheynst JS (2012) Improving the efficiency of enzyme utilization for sugar beet pulp hydrolysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 35:1531–1539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Martínez Sabajanes M, Yáñez R, Alonso JL, Parajó JC (2012) Pectic oligosaccharides production from orange peel waste by enzymatic hydrolysis. Int J Food Sci Technol 47:747–754

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mandalari G, Bennett RN, Kirby AR, Lo Curto RB, Bisignano G, Waldron KW, Faulds CB (2006) Enzymatic hydrolysis of flavonoids and pectic oligosaccharides from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel. J Agric Food Chem 54:8307–8313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Fu D, Oneill RA (1995) Monosaccharide composition analysis of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 227:377–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Yang X, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Wang H, Mei Q (2005) Analysis of the monosaccharide components in Angelica polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Sci 21:1177–1180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Visser EM, Falkoski DL, de Almeida MN, Maitan-Alfenas GP, Guimarães VM (2013) Production and application of an enzyme blend from Chrysoporthe cubensis and Penicillium pinophilum with potential for hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Bioresour Technol 144:587–594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Wang Q, Fang Y (2004) Analysis of sugars in traditional Chinese drugs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 812:309–324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Yi Yang (Central South University) for valuable help with the language polishing. This work was supported by a Grant from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2011AA100804), Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate (CX2013B084), and Open-End Fund for the Valuable and Precision Instruments of Central South University (CSUZC2014003).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Pei-jun Li, Jin-lan Xia & Zhen-yuan Nie

  2. Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China

    Yang Shan

Authors
  1. Pei-jun Li
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jin-lan Xia
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhen-yuan Nie
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yang Shan
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jin-lan Xia or Yang Shan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, Pj., Xia, Jl., Nie, Zy. et al. Saccharification of orange peel wastes with crude enzymes from new isolated Aspergillus japonicus PJ01. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 39, 485–492 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-015-1531-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-015-1531-3

Keywords