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High cell density fed-batch fermentations for lipase production: feeding strategies and oxygen transfer

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering volume 36, pages 1527–1543 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

This review is focused on the production of microbial lipases by high cell density fermentation. Lipases are among the most widely used of the enzyme catalysts. Although lipases are produced by animals and plants, industrial lipases are sourced almost exclusively from microorganisms. Many of the commercial lipases are produced using recombinant species. Microbial lipases are mostly produced by batch and fed-batch fermentation. Lipases are generally secreted by the cell into the extracellular environment. Thus, a crude preparation of lipases can be obtained by removing the microbial cells from the fermentation broth. This crude cell-free broth may be further concentrated and used as is, or lipases may be purified from it to various levels. For many large volume applications, lipases must be produced at extremely low cost. High cell density fermentation is a promising method for low-cost production: it allows a high concentration of the biomass and the enzyme to be attained rapidly and this eases the downstream recovery of the enzyme. High density fermentation enhances enzyme productivity compared with the traditional submerged culture batch fermentation. In production of enzymes, a high cell density is generally achieved through fed-batch operation, not through perfusion culture which is cumbersome. The feeding strategies used in fed-batch fermentations for producing lipases and the implications of these strategies are discussed. Most lipase-producing microbial fermentations require oxygen. Oxygen transfer in such fermentations is discussed.

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Fig. 1

Abbreviations

a :

Gas–liquid interfacial area per unit liquid volume (m−1)

CER:

Carbon dioxide evolution rate (mol CO2 h−1)

DO:

Dissolved oxygen level (% of air saturation)

F t :

Mass flow rate of the feed at time t (g h−1)

GC:

Gas chromatography

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

k L :

Mass transfer coefficient (m h−1)

k L a :

Overall volumetric gas–liquid mass transfer coefficient (h−1)

MS:

Mass spectrometry

m :

Maintenance coefficient (h−1)

OUR:

Oxygen uptake rate (g L−1 s−1)

PHB:

Poly(hydroxybutyric acid)

Q t :

Volumetric feed rate at time t (L h−1)

q s :

Specific substrate consumption rate (g g−1 h−1)

ROL:

Rhizopus oryzae lipase

RQ:

Respiratory quotient

S f :

Substrate concentration in the feed (g L−1)

S 0 :

Initial substrate concentration in culture broth (g L−1)

SPKO:

Saponified palm kernel oil

S t :

Concentration of the growth limiting substrate in the feed at time t (g L−1)

V 0 :

Initial volume in the fermenter (L)

V t :

Volume of the broth in the fermenter at time t (L)

Y X/S :

Biomass yield coefficient on substrate (g g−1)

X 0 :

Initial concentration of the biomass (g L−1)

X t :

Biomass concentration at time t (g L−1)

μ :

Specific growth rate (h−1)

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledged University of Malaya for grant research PV036/2012A, RG165-11AFR, and RP024-2012A.

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Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    M. N. I. Salehmin & M. S. M. Annuar

  2. School of Engineering, PN 456, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Y. Chisti

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  1. M. N. I. Salehmin
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  2. M. S. M. Annuar
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  3. Y. Chisti
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Correspondence to M. S. M. Annuar.

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Salehmin, M.N.I., Annuar, M.S.M. & Chisti, Y. High cell density fed-batch fermentations for lipase production: feeding strategies and oxygen transfer. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 36, 1527–1543 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-013-0943-1

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Keywords

  • Lipase
  • High cell density fermentation
  • Fed-batch fermentation
  • Mass transfer