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Removal of potassium chloride by nanofiltration from ion-exchanged solution containing potassium clavulanate

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Abstract

In this study, nanofiltration with NF200 membrane was employed to remove KCl from ion-exchanged solutions containing potassium clavulanate. The pore radius of NF200 membrane was estimated to be around 0.39 nm. The effects of operating pressure on separation performance were investigated in a range of 100–400 psig. The influences of cross-flow velocity (0.14–0.70 cm/s), temperature (4–25 °C), and feed composition were also investigated. In all experiments, clavulanate rejection showed high levels from 0.91 to 0.99, while chloride rejection ranged from 0.06 to 0.54. In a case at an operating pressure of 50 psig and 25 °C, as much as 94% of clavulanate was retained while 94% of chloride was removed, indicating that NF200 membrane was a suitable choice for selectively removing KCl. NF200 membrane also showed a stable performance in the operational stability test with an ion-exchanged solution obtained by treating actual fermentation broth.

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Abbreviations

A J :

Frequency factor (L/m2 h)

A k :

Membrane porosity

C f :

Solute concentration in feed (mol/L)

C m :

Solute concentration at membrane surface (mol/L)

C p :

Solute concentration in permeate (mol/L)

D s :

Solute diffusivity (m2/s)

E J :

Permeation activation energy (J/mol)

H D :

Wall correction factor for diffusion

H F :

Wall correction factor for convection

J s :

Solute flux (mol L/m2 h)

J v :

Solution flux (L/m2 h)

L p :

Pure water permeability (L/m2 h psig)

ΔP :

Pressure difference (psig)

P s :

Solute permeability (L/m2 h)

r p :

Membrane pore radius (nm)

r s :

Solute radius (nm)

R :

Gas constant (J/mol K)

R obs :

Observed rejection

R real :

Real rejection

S D :

Steric hindrance factor for diffusion

S F :

Steric hindrance factor for convection

T :

Temperature (K)

Δx :

Membrane thickness (m)

λ :

Ratio of solute radius to membrane pore radius, r s/r p

Δπ :

Osmotic pressure difference (psig)

σ :

Reflection coefficient

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Industrial Source Technology Development Programs (No. 10032001) of the Korean Ministry of Knowledge Economy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technology and Industry Department, Samsung Economic Research Institute (SERI), 1321-15, Seocho 2-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-955, Korea

    Hyun Han Kim

  2. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (The Brain Korea 21 Program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea

    Jae Hyung Kim & Yong Keun Chang

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  1. Hyun Han Kim
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Correspondence to Yong Keun Chang.

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Kim, H.H., Kim, J.H. & Chang, Y.K. Removal of potassium chloride by nanofiltration from ion-exchanged solution containing potassium clavulanate. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 33, 149–158 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-009-0360-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-009-0360-7

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