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Variable magma reservoir depths for Tongariro Volcanic Complex eruptive deposits from 10,000 years to present

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Abstract

Mineral, groundmass and bulk rock chemical analyses of samples from the Tongariro Volcanic Complex were made to estimate depths of magma reservoirs for selected eruptive deposits. The sample set consists of two units from the 11,000 cal. years bp Mangamate Formation (Te Rato and Wharepu) and more recent deposits from near 1717 cal. years bp (Ngauruhoe and Red Crater) to 1975 (Ngauruhoe). The depths of crystallization were determined by established thermobarometers. Results show that the Mangamate eruptions of Te Rato and Wharepu originated from a deeper magma reservoir of about 28–35 km and likely ascended rapidly, whereas explosive eruption deposits from Ngauruhoe have depths of crystallization in the lower to mid-crust or about 7 to 22 km depth. A Red Crater lava flow had a possible magma reservoir depth from 4 to 9 km. The different eruptions sampled for this study tapped different reservoir levels, and the oldest and largest eruptions were sourced from the deepest reservoir.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Bob Stewart, Anja Moebis and Clel Wallace at Massey University and Ian Schipper at Victoria University for their advice and assistance in the laboratory. Sample collection and analyses were funded by GNS Science (Project number 420W4340-00) and IAE, Massey University. We also thank the Associate Editor Judy Fierstein and reviewers Keith Putirka and Kayla Iacovino for their constructive comments and suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Volcanic Risk Solutions, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Maria Carmencita Arpa, Georg F. Zellmer & Gert Lube

  2. National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand

    Bruce Christenson

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Gregory Shellnutt

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  1. Maria Carmencita Arpa
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  2. Georg F. Zellmer
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Correspondence to Maria Carmencita Arpa.

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Editorial responsibility: J. Fierstein

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Arpa, M.C., Zellmer, G.F., Christenson, B. et al. Variable magma reservoir depths for Tongariro Volcanic Complex eruptive deposits from 10,000 years to present. Bull Volcanol 79, 56 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-017-1137-5

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