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Major eruptive style changes induced by structural modifications of a shallow conduit system: the 2007–2012 Stromboli case

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Abstract

Stromboli is known for its mild, persistent explosive activity from the vents located within the summit crater depression at the uppermost part of the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF) depression. Effusive activity (lava flows) at this volcano normally occurs every 5–15 years, involving often the opening of eruptive fissures along the SdF, and more rarely overflows from the summit crater. Between the end of the 2007 effusive eruption and December 2012, the number of lava flows inside and outside the crater depression has increased significantly, reaching a total of 28, with an average of 4.8 episodes per year. An open question is why this activity has become so frequent during the last 6 years and was quite rare before. In this paper, we describe this exceptional activity and propose an interpretation based on the structural state of the volcano, changed after the 2002–2003 and even more after the 2007 flank effusive eruption. We use images from the Stromboli fixed cameras network, as well as ground photos, plume SO2 and CO2 fluxes released by the summit crater, and continuous fumarole temperature recording, to unravel the interplay between magma supply, structural and morphology changes, and lava flow output. Our results might help forecast the future behaviour and hazard at Stromboli and might be applicable to other open-conduit volcanoes.

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Acknowledgments

This paper was partially supported by the Project INGV-DPC Paroxysm V2/03, 2007–2009 funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and the Italian Civil Protection. We would like to thank Maurizio Ripepe for providing videos of the eruptive activity and Mauro Rosi for making available an early preprint of his paper; Mario Pruiti and Mario Zaia for their information and field assistance during summit surveys on the volcano; the Italian Civil Protection for making available their photos from helicopter; Filippo Muré for his technical assistance with the FLAME network; and Emilio Pecora, Emilio Biale, Michele Prestifilippo and Francesco Ciancitto for the maintenance of the INGV webcamera monitoring network. We warmly thank the Associate Editor Matthew R. Patrick, as well as Anthony Finizola, Nicole Lautze and an anonymous reviewer for their appreciation of our work and for the suggestions that have significantly contributed to improve the clarity of a previous version of the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo-sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma 2, 95125, Catania, Italy

    S. Calvari, A. Bonaccorso, M. Neri, G. G. Salerno, B. Behncke, T. Caltabiano, A. Cristaldi, A. La Spina & L. Spampinato

  2. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sezione di Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153-90146, Palermo, Italy

    P. Madonia, M. Liuzzo & G. Giuffrida

  3. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Vesuviano–sezione di Napoli, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124, Naples, Italy

    E. Marotta

  4. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sezione di Roma 1, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Rome, Italy

    T. Ricci

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  1. S. Calvari
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  2. A. Bonaccorso
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  3. P. Madonia
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  4. M. Neri
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  5. M. Liuzzo
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  6. G. G. Salerno
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  7. B. Behncke
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  8. T. Caltabiano
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  9. A. Cristaldi
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  10. G. Giuffrida
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  11. A. La Spina
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  12. E. Marotta
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  13. T. Ricci
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  14. L. Spampinato
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Correspondence to S. Calvari.

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Calvari, S., Bonaccorso, A., Madonia, P. et al. Major eruptive style changes induced by structural modifications of a shallow conduit system: the 2007–2012 Stromboli case. Bull Volcanol 76, 841 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-014-0841-7

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