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From source to surface: dynamics of Etna’s lava fountains investigated by continuous strain, magnetic, ground and satellite thermal data

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Abstract

We investigated the eruptive episodes that occurred at Etna volcano on 15 November 2011 and 18 March 2012 using different types of data. We present novel data from two recently installed strainmeters that recorded unique signals during the lava fountain phases of these events. The strainmeter data, integrated with those recorded by the magnetic network, and with satellite and ground thermal data, allowed us to follow the path of a gas-rich magma batch from the source inside the volcano to the surface and atmosphere. The amplitude ratio of the volumetric strain changes constrained the storage depth of the magma feeding the lava fountains above 1.5 km below sea level. Magnetic data revealed an attempted shallow lateral intrusion, whereas ground and satellite thermal data furnished a quantification of the total erupted volumes of ∼2.2 × 106 m3 for the 15 November event and ∼3.0 × 106 m3 for the 18 March event. Despite different durations of the explosive and effusive phases of the two lava fountain events, the total erupted volume was quite similar, suggesting the emptying of a shallow storage system displaying a steady behaviour.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the colleagues from INGV-CT for the installation and maintenance of the camera network, and especially E. Pecora, E. Biale and M. Prestifilippo. We are indebted to all staff of TecnoLab of the INGV-CT who ensured the regular working of the magnetic and strainmeter networks of Etna. We are grateful to EUMETSAT for providing us SEVIRI data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania—Osservatorio Etneo, Piazza Roma 2, 95123, Catania, Italy

    A. Bonaccorso, S. Calvari, G. Currenti, C. Del Negro, G. Ganci, R. Napoli & A. Sicali

  2. Department Terrestrial Magnetism—Carnegie Institution, 530 P Street NW, Washington, TX, USA

    A. Linde & S. Sacks

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  1. A. Bonaccorso
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  2. S. Calvari
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  3. G. Currenti
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  4. C. Del Negro
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  5. G. Ganci
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  6. A. Linde
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  7. R. Napoli
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  8. S. Sacks
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  9. A. Sicali
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Correspondence to A. Bonaccorso.

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Editorial responsibility: M.R. Patrick

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Bonaccorso, A., Calvari, S., Currenti, G. et al. From source to surface: dynamics of Etna’s lava fountains investigated by continuous strain, magnetic, ground and satellite thermal data. Bull Volcanol 75, 690 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0690-9

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