Abstract
Geochemical modeling of magma mixing allows for evaluation of volumes of magma storage reservoirs and magma plumbing configurations. A new analytical expression is derived for a simple two-component box-mixing model describing the proportions of mixing components in erupted lavas as a function of time. Four versions of this model are applied to a mixing trend spanning episodes 3–31 of Kilauea Volcano’s Puu Oo eruption, each testing different constraints on magma reservoir input and output fluxes. Unknown parameters (e.g., magma reservoir influx rate, initial reservoir volume) are optimized for each model using a non-linear least squares technique to fit model trends to geochemical time-series data. The modeled mixing trend closely reproduces the observed compositional trend. The two models that match measured lava effusion rates have constant magma input and output fluxes and suggest a large pre-mixing magma reservoir (46±2 and 49±1 million m3), with little or no volume change over time. This volume is much larger than a previous estimate for the shallow, dike-shaped magma reservoir under the Puu Oo vent, which grew from ∼3 to ∼10–12 million m3. These volumetric differences are interpreted as indicating that mixing occurred first in a larger, deeper reservoir before the magma was injected into the overlying smaller reservoir.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge F. Albarède and A. Pietruszka for their thoughtful comments on a draft of this paper, and J. Hammer for her input throughout the entire project. Mahalo to the staff of the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for providing access to samples and sharing data, especially E. Wolfe and G. Ulrich, and to J.M. Rhodes and M. Vollinger for high-quality XRF data. This paper is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0336874. This paper is SOEST contribution No. 6793.
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Shamberger, P.J., Garcia, M.O. Geochemical modeling of magma mixing and magma reservoir volumes during early episodes of Kīlauea Volcano’s Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō eruption. Bull Volcanol 69, 345–352 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-006-0074-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-006-0074-5