Abstract
Soil hydrology, nutrient availability, and forest disturbance determine the variation of tropical tree species composition locally. However, most habitat filtering is explained by tree species' hydraulic traits along the hydrological gradient. We asked whether these patterns apply to lianas. At the community level, we investigated whether hydrological gradient, soil fertility, and forest disturbance explain liana species composition and whether liana species-environment relationships are mediated by leaf and stem wood functional traits. We sampled liana species composition in 18 1-ha plots across a 64 km2 landscape in Central Amazonia and measured eleven leaf and stem wood traits across 115 liana species in 2000 individuals. We correlated liana species composition, summarized using PCoA with the functional composition summarized using principal coordinate analysis (PCA), employing species mean values of traits at the plot level. We tested the relationship between ordination axes and environmental gradients. Liana species composition was highly correlated with functional composition. Taxonomic (PCoA) and functional (PCA) compositions were strongly associated with the hydrological gradient, with a slight influence from forest disturbance on functional composition. Species in valley areas had larger stomata size and higher proportions of self-supporting xylem than in plateaus. Liana species on plateaus invest more in fast-growing leaves (higher SLA), although they show a higher wood density. Our study reveals that lianas use different functional solutions in dealing with each end of the hydrological gradient and that the relationships among habitat preferences and traits explain lianas species distributions less directly than previously found in trees.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to José Francisco for lab support and guidance on anatomical measurements. Erick Lavado and Lorena Rincón provided statistical support and valuable suggestions on the discussion. ER thanks José Raimundo for helping in the field. INPA provided transport, and the logistical structure at the Ducke Reserve was provided by PELD and the Brazilian Biodiversity Research Program (PPBio).
Funding
This contribution is part of the doctoral thesis of E.R undertaken at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), with a fellowship from Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement (CAPES). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. Financial support was received from the Brazilian Long Term Ecological Research Program (CNPq/PELD# 441282/0.2016–4) and Project CENBAM- INCT Centro de Biodiversidade Amazônica (FAPEAM/FDB/INPA#003/2012). Additional funds were provided to A.N. by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) through a PDE scholarship (234000/2014–7) and Research Grant (434692/2018–2), and by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) through a Young Investigators Grant (2019/19544–7).
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EXR, AN, JS, RJB and FRCC conceived the ideas and methodological design. EXR, SCG and CFH collected the data. AN, EXR and RJB identified the plant species. EXR and CSG analyzed the data. All authors contributed to the writing and gave final approval for publication.
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Rocha, E.X., Nogueira, A., Costa, F.R.C. et al. Liana functional assembly along the hydrological gradient in Central Amazonia. Oecologia 200, 183–197 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-022-05258-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-022-05258-w