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Nested communities, invasive species and Holocene extinctions: evaluating the power of a potential conservation tool

  • Global change and conservation ecology
  • Published:
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Abstract

General ecological methods and models that require a minimum amount of information yet are still able to inform conservation planning are particularly valuable. Nested subset analysis has been advocated as such a tool for the prediction of extinction-prone species and populations. However, such advocacy has not been without skepticism and debate, and in the majority of published examples assessing extinction vulnerability, actual extinctions are based on assumptions rather than direct evidence. Here, we empirically test the power of nested subset analysis to predict extinction-prone species, using documented Holocene insular mammal extinctions on three island archipelagos off the west coast of North America. We go on to test whether the introduction of invasive mammals promotes nestedness on islands via extinction. While all three archipelagos were significantly nested before and after the extinction events, nested subset analysis largely failed to predict extinction patterns. We also failed to detect any correlations between the degree of nestedness at the genus-level with area, isolation, or species richness and extinction risk. Biogeography tools, such as nested subset analysis, must be critically evaluated before they are prescribed widely for conservation planning. For these island archipelagos, it appears detailed natural history and taxa-specific ecology may prove critical in predicting patterns of extinction risk.

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Acknowledgements

Support was provided by Island Conservation, particularly by grants from the Switzer Foundation, Oracle, Inc, and WWF-Mexico. Support was also provided by USDA 2002–00610 and NSF DEB-0087078 to DFD and by Cornell University to CJD. JK thanks Jackie, Bill, and Will Knowlton. We also wish to thank Channel Islands National Park personnel, Jose Angel Sanchez, Don Croll, Tosha Comendant, Gregg Howald, Brad Keitt, Bernie Tershy, Bill Wood, and the rest at Island Conservation and Conservación de Islas, all are helping to prevent further extinctions in the region.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    C. Josh. Donlan

  2. Island Conservation, Center for Ocean Health, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA

    C. Josh. Donlan & Noah Biavaschi

  3. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA

    Jessie Knowlton & Daniel F. Doak

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  1. C. Josh. Donlan
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Correspondence to C. Josh. Donlan.

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Communicated by Dan Simberloff

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Donlan, C.J., Knowlton, J., Doak, D.F. et al. Nested communities, invasive species and Holocene extinctions: evaluating the power of a potential conservation tool. Oecologia 145, 475–485 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0136-y

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