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Food availability affects Osmia pumila (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) foraging, reproduction, and brood parasitism

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An Erratum to this article was published on 08 July 2003

Abstract

Food limitation can reduce reproductive success directly, as well as indirectly, if foraging imposes a risk of predation or parasitism. The solitary bee Osmia pumila suffers brood parasitism by the cleptoparasitic wasp Sapyga centrata, which enters the host nest to oviposit while the female bee is away. I studied foraging and reproduction of O. pumila nesting within cages stocked with rich or sparse floral resources, and the presence or absence of S. centrata to test (1) the response of nesting female O. pumila to food shortages, (2) the response of nesting female O. pumila to the presence of parasites, and (3) whether brood produced under scarce resources are more likely to be parasitized by S. centrata. The rate of brood cell production was significantly lower in cages with sparse floral resources, although females in sparse cages did not produce significantly fewer brood cells overall. Sapyga centrata did not influence the rate of brood cell production, but females exposed to the cleptoparasites had marginally significantly lower reproductive output. Nests in parasite cages had significantly fewer brood cells than those in parasite free cages. The mean duration of foraging bouts made by female O. pumila in sparse cages was not significantly longer than that in rich cages. O. pumila spent less time in the nest between pollen and nectar foraging bouts in sparse cages with S. centrata than those in other cages suggesting that these individuals made more frequent food foraging trips. Despite the weak effects of parasites and bloom density on foraging behavior, O. pumila brood cells experienced a 15-fold higher probability of parasitism by S. centrata in cages with sparse bloom than in those with rich bloom. These results support the hypothesis that indirect effects of food scarcity increase O. pumila susceptibility to brood parasitism, although the exact mechanism is not entirely clear yet.

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Acknowledgements

I am grateful to James Thomson, Neal Williams, and Vincent Tepedino for sharing insights that improved this study. James Thomson helped design and build the cages; John Hunter, Mike Axelrod, John Klumpp, Neal Williams, Kim Baxter, André Levy, Ken Lorenz, Mark Barsamian, Patrick Baker, Bob Goodell, and Del Goodell also lent a hand with cage construction. Vincent Tepedino provided Phacelia seed. Terry Griswold (USDA Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Logan, Utah) kindly identified the Osmia, and Baldo Villegas (CDFA, Biological Control Program, Sacramento, Calif.) the Sapyga. James Thomson, Doug Futuyma, Dan Simberloff, Jay Rosenheim, and two anonymous reviewers all provided comments that improved this manuscript. NSF doctoral dissertation improvement grant DEB-98–01274 funded this research.

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  1. Karen Goodell

    Present address: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Cook College, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA

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  1. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA

    Karen Goodell

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Correspondence to Karen Goodell.

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An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1340-2

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Goodell, K. Food availability affects Osmia pumila (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) foraging, reproduction, and brood parasitism. Oecologia 134, 518–527 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1159-2

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