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Expression patterns of sex steroid receptors in developing mesonephros of the male mouse: three-dimensional analysis

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Abstract

The androgen pathway via androgen receptor (AR) has received the most attention for development of male reproductive tracts. The estrogen pathway through estrogen receptor (ESR1) is also a major contributor to rete testis and efferent duct formation, but the role of progesterone via progesterone receptor (PGR) has largely been overlooked. Expression patterns of these receptors in the mesonephric tubules (MTs) and Wolffian duct (WD), which differentiate into the efferent ductules and epididymis, respectively, remain unclear because of the difficulty in distinguishing each region of the tracts. This study investigated AR, ESR1, and PGR expressions in the murine mesonephros using three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction. The receptors were localized in serial paraffin sections of the mouse testis and mesonephros by immunohistochemistry on embryonic days (E) 12.5, 15.5, and 18.5. Specific regions of the developing MTs and WD were determined by 3-D reconstruction using Amira software. AR was found first in the specific portion of the MTs near the MT-rete junction at E12.5, and the epithelial expression showed increasing strength from cranial to the caudal regions. Epithelial expression of ESR1 was found in the cranial WD and MTs near the WD first at E15.5. PGR was weakly positive only in the MTs and cranial WD starting on E15.5. This 3-D analysis suggests that gonadal androgen acts first on the MTs near the MT-rete junction but that estrogen is the first to influence MTs near the WD, while potential PGR activity is delayed and limited to the epithelium.

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Data availability

Some or all datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate Mr. Shuichi Yamazaki's technical assistance in making serial paraffin sections. We also thank Ms. Xi Wu, Ms. Miyuki Kuramasu, and Ms. Yuki Ogawa for their assistance in routine immunohistochemistry procedures, image processing, and secretary work. 

Funding

This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI under Grant Number JP19K16483.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan

    Takuya Omotehara

  2. Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

    Takuya Omotehara & Masahiro Itoh

  3. Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Chicago, IL, 61821, USA

    Rex A. Hess

  4. Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan

    Hiroki Nakata

  5. Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Lynn A. Birch & Gail S. Prins

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Correspondence to Takuya Omotehara.

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Omotehara, T., Hess, R.A., Nakata, H. et al. Expression patterns of sex steroid receptors in developing mesonephros of the male mouse: three-dimensional analysis. Cell Tissue Res 393, 577–593 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-023-03796-0

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