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Olfactory-induced locomotion in lampreys

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Abstract

The olfactory system allows animals to navigate in their environment to feed, mate, and escape predators. It is well established that odorant exposure or electrical stimulation of the olfactory system induces stereotyped motor responses in fishes. However, the neural circuitry responsible for the olfactomotor transformations is only beginning to be unraveled. A neural substrate eliciting motor responses to olfactory inputs was identified in the lamprey, a basal vertebrate used extensively to examine the neural mechanisms underlying sensorimotor transformations. Two pathways were discovered from the olfactory organ in the periphery to the brainstem motor nuclei responsible for controlling swimming. The first pathway originates from sensory neurons located in the accessory olfactory organ and reaches a single population of projection neurons in the medial olfactory bulb, which, in turn, transmit the olfactory signals to the posterior tuberculum and then to downstream brainstem locomotor centers. A second pathway originates from the main olfactory epithelium and reaches the main olfactory bulb, the neurons of which project to the pallium/cortex. The olfactory signals are then conveyed to the posterior tuberculum and then to brainstem locomotor centers. Olfactomotor behavior can adapt, and studies were aimed at defining the underlying neural mechanisms. Modulation of bulbar neural activity by GABAergic, dopaminergic, and serotoninergic inputs is likely to provide strong control over the hardwired circuits to produce appropriate motor behavior in response to olfactory cues. This review summarizes current knowledge relative to the neural circuitry producing olfactomotor behavior in lampreys and their modulatory mechanisms.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Mr. François Auclair for graphical assistance and Ms. Danielle Veilleux for technical assistance.

Funding

This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Grants #54021, 54035, and 54067 to BZ and RD; the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Grant #15129 to RD; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grants # 217435-01 to RD and 03916-2014 to BZ; PAB was supported by scholarships from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the Fonds de Recherche du Québec- Santé; and Université de Montréal - Études supérieures et postdoctorales.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département de neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Philippe-Antoine Beauséjour & Réjean Dubuc

  2. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada

    Barbara Zielinski

  3. Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Réjean Dubuc

Authors
  1. Philippe-Antoine Beauséjour
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  2. Barbara Zielinski
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  3. Réjean Dubuc
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The first draft of the manuscript was written by PAB and all authors commented on the manuscript. The authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Réjean Dubuc.

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Beauséjour, PA., Zielinski, B. & Dubuc, R. Olfactory-induced locomotion in lampreys. Cell Tissue Res 387, 13–27 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-021-03536-2

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