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Interleukin-6 affects pacsin3, ephrinA4 expression and cytoskeletal proteins in differentiating primary skeletal myoblasts through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms

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Abstract

Interleukin (IL)-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine released in injured and contracting skeletal muscles. In this study, we examined cellular expression of proteins associated with cytoskeleton organization and cell migration, chosen on the basis of microRNA profiling, in rat primary skeletal muscle cells (RSkMC) treated with IL-6 (1 ng/ml) for 11 days. MiRNA microarray analysis and qRT-PCR revealed increased expression of miR-154-3p and miR-338-3p in muscle cells treated with IL-6. Pacsin3 was downregulated post-transcriptionally by IL-6, but not by IGF-I. Ephrin4A protein was increased both in IL-6- and IGF-I-treated myocytes. IL-6, but not IGF-I, stimulated migratory ability of RSkMC, examined in wound healing assay. Alpha-actinin protein was slightly augmented in RSKMC treated with IL-6, similarly to IGF-I. IL-6, but not IGF-I, upregulated desmin in differentiating RSkMC. IL-6 supplementation caused accumulation of alpha-actinin and desmin in near-nuclear area of muscle cells, which was manifested by increased ratio: mean near-nuclear fluorescence/mean peripheral cytoplasm fluorescence of these proteins. We concluded that IL-6, a known proinflammatory cytokine and a physical activity-associated myokine, acting during differentiation of primary skeletal muscle cells, alters expression of nonmuscle-specific miRNAs. This cytokine causes differential effects on pacsin-3 and ephrinA4, through post-transcriptional inhibition and stimulation, respectively. IL-6-exerted modifications of cytoskeletal proteins in muscle cells include both transcriptional (desmin and dynein heavy chain 5) and post-transcriptional activation (alpha-actinin). Moreover, IL-6 augments near-nuclear distribution of cytoskeletal proteins, alpha-actinin and desmin and promotes migration of myocytes. Such effects suggest that IL-6 plays a role during skeletal muscle regeneration, acting through mechanisms independent of regulation of myogenic program.

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Funding

This study was funded by the National Science Centre Poland (grant no: 2013/09/B/NZ/00115).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland

    Marta Milewska, Tomasz Domoradzki, Alicja Majewska, Maciej Błaszczyk, Małgorzata Gajewska, Magdalena Hulanicka & Katarzyna Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk

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  1. Marta Milewska
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  2. Tomasz Domoradzki
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  3. Alicja Majewska
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  4. Maciej Błaszczyk
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  5. Małgorzata Gajewska
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  6. Magdalena Hulanicka
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  7. Katarzyna Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk
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Contributions

M.Milewska – performing experiments, microRNA qPCR and immunoblotting analyses, T.Domoradzki – qPCR analyses, wound healing assay, A.Majewska – microRNA microarray analyses, microarray data deposition at GEO data repository, M.Błaszczyk – MTT tests, phase-contrast microscopy analyses, M.Gajewska – confocal microscopy analyses, M.Hulanicka – bioinformatic analyses, K.Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk – project supervision, research design, figures and manuscript preparation. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Katarzyna Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk.

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Fig. S1

Gene ontology groups (ten-top list) in terms of protein classes, enriched in potential targets of miRNAs with expression modified by IL-6 treatment (1 ng/ml, 11 days of exposure) in rat primary muscle cells. The potential target genes were identified using TargetScan database and ontological analysis was performed using Panther Classification System (PNG 111 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIF 4463 kb)

Fig. S2

Gene ontology groups in terms of molecular function, enriched in potential targets of miRNAs with expression modified by IL-6 treatment (1 ng/ml, 11 days of exposure) in rat primary muscle cells. The potential target genes were identified using TargetScan database and ontological analysis was performed using Panther Classification System (PNG 101 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIF 4573 kb)

Fig. S3

Gene ontology groups (ten-top list) in terms of involvement in biological processes, enriched in potential targets of miRNAs with expression modified by IL-6 treatment (1 ng/ml, 11 days of exposure) in rat primary muscle cells. The potential target genes were identified using TargetScan database and ontological analysis was performed using Panther Classification System (PNG 146 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIF 408 kb)

Table S1

List of potential target genes of miR-154-3p and miR-338-3p. Target genes for two miRNA species separately were identified using TargetScan database. Then, two lists of genes were combined, repeating inputs and inputs indicated as „uncharacterized protein”, were removed and remained set of genes was further analyzed using Panther Classification System. These genes are listed in alphabetical order and their functional classification to GO categories: Panther Family/Subfamily and Panther Protein Class are presented (XLSX 408 kb)

Table S2

Lists of genes which contribute to selected gene ontology categories associated with cytoskeleton organization and cell migration. Presented sets of genes were retrieved during ontological analysis in Panther Classification System. Subsequent sheets include: Structural constituent of cytoskeleton (GO:0005200), Cellular component organization or biogenesis (GO:0071840), Locomotion (GO:0040011) Actin family cytoskeletal protein (GO Protein Class: PC00041), Microtubule family cytoskeletal protein (GO Protein Class: PC00157) Intermediate filament binding protein (GO Protein Class: PC00129). (XLSX 72 kb)

Table S3

Panther statistical overrepresentation test of potential targets for miR-154-3p and miR-338-3p. The results are sorted by Fold enrichment value of GO categories and only records for FDR (False Discovery Rate) P<0.05 are presented (XLSX 16 kb)

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Milewska, M., Domoradzki, T., Majewska, A. et al. Interleukin-6 affects pacsin3, ephrinA4 expression and cytoskeletal proteins in differentiating primary skeletal myoblasts through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Cell Tissue Res 380, 155–172 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-019-03133-4

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