Abstract
Neuropeptide F in invertebrates is a homolog of neuropeptide Y in mammals and it is a member of FMRFamide-related peptides. In arthropods, such as insects, there are two types of neuropeptide F comprising long neuropeptide F (NPF) and short neuropeptide F (sNPF). Both NPFs are known to play a crucial role in the regulations of foraging, feeding-related behaviors, circadian rhythm, stress responses, aggression and reproduction in invertebrates. We have earlier found that in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, there are three isoforms of NPF and four isoforms of sNPF and that NPFs are expressed in the eyestalks and brain. In the present study, we investigate further the tissue distribution of NPF-I in the ventral nerve cord (VNC) and its role in the development of testes in small male (SM) Macrobrachium rosenbergii. By immunolocalization, using the rabbit polyclonal antibody against NPF-I as a probe, we could detect NPF-I immunoreactivity in the neuropils and neuronal clusters of the subesophageal ganglia (SEG), thoracic ganglia (TG) and abdominal ganglia (AG) of the SM prawns. In functional assays, the administrations of synthetic NPF-I (KPDPTQLAAMADALKYLQELDKYYSQVSRPRFamide) and sNPF (APALRLRFamide) peptides significantly increased the growth rates of SM prawns and significantly increased the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and proliferations of early germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of their testes. It is, therefore, suggestive that NPFs may play critical roles in energy homeostasis towards promoting growth as well as testicular development in prawns that could be applied in the aquaculture of this species.
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Acknowledgments
We extend our gratitude to Capt. Piyachat Chansela, Dr. Morakot Sroyraya, Dr. Thanapong Kruangkum and Ms. Sineenart Songkoomkrong for their suggestions and technical advices.
Funding
This research was supported by a grant from the Office of Higher Education Commission (OHEC) and Mahidol University (MU) under the National Research University Initiatives and an OHEC-MU-Thailand Research Fund (TRF) Distinguished Research Professor Grant to Prasert Sobhon. This study was also supported by the Thailand Research Fund—the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Programme (TRF-RGJ Ph.D., PHD/0093/2553) co-funded by Mahidol University to Chaitip Wanichanon and Sirorat Thongrod and by National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) scholarship (2016) to Sirorat Thongrod.
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Thongrod, S., Wanichanon, C. & Sobhon, P. Distribution of neuropeptide F in the ventral nerve cord and its possible role on testicular development and germ cell proliferation in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Cell Tissue Res 376, 471–484 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-019-02999-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-019-02999-8