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Diacylglycerol kinase ε localizes to subsurface cisterns of cerebellar Purkinje cells

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Abstract

Following activation of Gq protein-coupled receptors, phospholipase C yields a pair of second messengers: diacylglycerol (DG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates DG to produce phosphatidic acid, another second messenger. Of the DGK family, DGKε is the only DGK isoform that exhibits substrate specificity for DG with an arachidonoyl acyl chain at the sn-2 position. Recently, we demonstrated that hydrophobic residues in the N-terminus of DGKε play an important role in targeting the endoplasmic reticulum in transfected cells. However, its cellular expression and subcellular localization in the brain remain elusive. In the present study, we investigate this issue using specific DGKε antibody. DGKε was richly expressed in principal neurons of higher brain regions, including pyramidal cells in the hippocampus and neocortex, medium spiny neurons in the striatum and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. In Purkinje cells, DGKε was localized to the subsurface cisterns and colocalized with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-1 in dendrites and axons. In dendrites of Purkinje cells, DGKε was also distributed in close apposition to DG lipase-α, which catalyzes arachidonoyl-DG to produce 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, a major endocannabinoid in the brain. Behaviorally, DGKε-knockout mice exhibited hyper-locomotive activities and impaired motor coordination and learning. These findings suggest that DGKε plays an important role in neuronal and brain functions through its distinct neuronal expression and subcellular localization and also through coordinated arrangement with other molecules involving the phosphoinositide signaling pathway.

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Abbreviations

2-AG:

2-Arachidonoyl glycerol

CB:

Calbindin

DG:

Diacylglycerol

DGK:

Diacylglycerol kinase

DGL:

Diacylglycerol lipase

D1R:

Dopamine D1 receptor

D2R:

Dopamine D2 receptor

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

GAD:

Glutamate decarboxylase

IP3 :

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

IP3R:

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor

JP:

Junctophilin

KO:

Knockout

mGluR1:

Metabotropic glutamate receptor-1

MSN:

Medium spiny neuron

PA:

Phosphatidic acid

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

PC:

Purkinje cell

PI:

Phosphoinositide

PLC:

Phospholipase C

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene difluoride

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcription plus polymerase chain reaction

RyR:

Ryanodine receptor channel

sAHP:

Slow after hyperpolarization

sER:

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

siRNA:

Short interfering RNA

SR:

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid from The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan (Y.H., K.G.) and also in part by the Platform for Drug Discovery, Informatics and Structural Life Science (PDIS) from MEXT (K.G.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita, 010-8543, Japan

    Yasukazu Hozumi

  2. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan

    Yasukazu Hozumi & Kaoru Goto

  3. Department of Physiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan

    Hiroki Fujiwara, Kenya Kaneko & Satoshi Fujii

  4. Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, UT 84112, USA

    Matthew K. Topham

  5. Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan

    Masahiko Watanabe

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  1. Yasukazu Hozumi
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Supplemental Figure S1

Double and triple immunofluorescence for DGKε, VGluT1 or VGluT2, and calbindin in the cerebellum. In all images, DGKε is colored red. Green fluorescence represents calbindin (CB). Cyan and blue fluorescence represent VGluT1 and VGluT2, respectively. No DGKε immunoreactivity is apposed to VGluT1 (a, a’) or VGluT2 (b, b’) in the cerebellar molecular layer. Bars 5 μm (a’), 10 μm (b’). (GIF 511 kb)

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Hozumi, Y., Fujiwara, H., Kaneko, K. et al. Diacylglycerol kinase ε localizes to subsurface cisterns of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Cell Tissue Res 368, 441–458 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-017-2579-y

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