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Glycosylation and sorting pathways of lysosomal enzymes in mussel digestive cells

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Abstract

Our aim was to contribute to the understanding of the synthesis, maturation and activation of lysosomal enzymes in an invertebrate cellular model: the endo-lysosomal system (ELS) of mussel digestive cells. The activities of 5′–nucleotidase (AMPase), arylsulphatase (ASase) and acid phosphatase (AcPase), which are transported towards acidic compartments as membrane proteins, were localised by enzyme cytochemistry. AcPase activity was found within large heterolysosomes and residual bodies. ASase was located in endosomes, endolysosomes and heterolysosomes. AcPase and ASase activities were recorded within small vesicles and cisterns of the trans-Golgi network. Conversely, AMPase activity was primarily found in microvilli and apical vesicles and, less conspicuously, in lysosomes and the cis-side of the Golgi and the cis-Golgi network (CGN). In order to understand the processes of synthesis and maturation of these lysosomal enzymes, selected glycoconjugates were localised after lectin cytochemistry. N-acetylglucosamine, mannose and fucose residues were almost ubiquitous in the ELS, as were galactose residues, which were apparently less abundant. N-acetylglucosamine residues occurred in the inner membrane co-localised with mannose residues within the lysosomal and pre-lysosomal acidic compartments. Based on these results, glycosylation and sorting pathways are proposed for both soluble and membrane enzymes. Unlike in mammalian cells, O-glycosylation is fully completed in the CGN, mannose addition in N-glycosylation extends beyond the CGN and galactose addition is fully achieved at the intermediate side. Sorting of soluble lysosomal enzymes, as in crustaceans, is mediated by the indirect transport of membrane-linked proteins with GlcNAc1-P6Man residues that are removed in endolysosomes and heterolysosomes.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to Prof. J. F. Madrid from the University of Murcia and to Dr. O. Leis from the University of the Basque Country for their invaluable contribution to the accomplishment of the lectin cytochemistry.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, School of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. BOX 644, Bilbo, Basque Country, Spain

    Y. Robledo, I. Marigómez, E. Angulo & M. P. Cajaraville

  2. Zoologia eta Animali Biologia Zelularra Saila, Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 P.K., E-48080, Bilbo, Basque Country, Spain

    I. Marigómez

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  1. Y. Robledo
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  2. I. Marigómez
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  3. E. Angulo
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  4. M. P. Cajaraville
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Correspondence to I. Marigómez.

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This work was funded by projects UPV 075.327–EA033/92 and UPV 075.327–EA053/93 of the University of the Basque Country and by a grant to Consolidated Research Groups (UPV/EHU). Y.R. was the recipient of a MEC–DGCYT pre-doctoral fellowship.

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Robledo, Y., Marigómez, I., Angulo, E. et al. Glycosylation and sorting pathways of lysosomal enzymes in mussel digestive cells. Cell Tissue Res 324, 319–333 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-0125-9

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