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Vagus nerve stimulation preferentially induces Fos expression in nitrergic neurons of rat esophagus

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Abstract

To identify neurochemical phenotypes of esophageal myenteric neurons synaptically activated by vagal preganglionic efferents, we immunohistochemically detected the expression of Fos, an immediate early gene product, in whole-mount preparations of the entire esophagus of rats following electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves. When electrical stimulation was applied to either the cervical left (LVN) or right vagus nerve (RVN), neurons with nuclei showing Fos immunoreactivity (IR) were found to comprise approximately 10% of the total myenteric neurons in the entire esophagus. These neurons increased from the oral toward the gastric end of the esophagus, with the highest frequency in the abdominal portion of the esophagus. A significant difference was not found in the number of Fos neurons between the LVN-stimulated and RVN-stimulated esophagus. Double-immunolabeling showed that nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-IR occurred in most (86% and 84% in the LVN-stimulated and RVN-stimulated esophagus, respectively) of the Fos neurons in the entire esophagus. Furthermore, the stimulation of either of the vagus nerves resulted in high proportions (71%-90%) of Fos neurons with NOS-IR, with respect to the total Fos neurons in each segment, in the entire esophagus. However, a small proportion (8% and 7% in the LVN-stimulated and RVN-stimulated esophagus, respectively) of the Fos neurons in the esophagus exhibited choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-IR. The occurrence-frequency of Fos neurons with ChAT-IR was less than 4% of the total Fos neurons in any segment of the LVN-stimulated and RVN-stimulated esophagus. Some of the Fos neurons with ChAT-IR appeared to be innervated by numerous varicose ChAT-positive nerve terminals. The present results showing that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves induces a high proportion of Fos neurons with NOS-IR suggests the preferential activation of NOS neurons in the esophagus by vagal preganglionic efferents. This connectivity between the vagal efferents and intrinsic nitrergic neurons might be involved in inhibitory actions on esophageal motility.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Professor John B. Furness (Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne) for his helpful advice and comments on the manuscript and Dr. P.C. Emson for kindly providing the NOS antiserum.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan

    Hirofumi Kuramoto & Makoto Kadowaki

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  1. Hirofumi Kuramoto
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  2. Makoto Kadowaki
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Correspondence to Hirofumi Kuramoto.

Additional information

This study was supported by Grant-in Aids for Scientific Research from Ministry of Education, Sports, and Culture of Japan to H.K. (no. 15500236) and to M.K. (no. 14570065).

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Kuramoto, H., Kadowaki, M. Vagus nerve stimulation preferentially induces Fos expression in nitrergic neurons of rat esophagus. Cell Tissue Res 324, 361–367 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-0124-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-0124-x

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