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Cellular pathology of Parkinson’s disease: astrocytes, microglia and inflammation

Cell and Tissue Research volume 318, pages 149–161 (2004)Cite this article

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a frequent neurological disorder of the basal ganglia, which is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons mainly in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Inflammatory processes have been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of PD. Activated microglia, as well as to a lesser extent reactive astrocytes, are found in the area associated with cell loss, possibly contributing to the inflammatory process by the release of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins or cytokines. Further deleterious factors released by activated microglia or astrocytes are reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, they may mediate neuroprotective properties by the release of trophic factors or the uptake of glutamate. In this review, we will discuss the different aspects of activated glial cells and potential mechanisms that mediate or protect against cell loss in PD.

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Affiliations

  1. Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department General Neurology, Center of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany

    Peter Teismann

  2. Department of Neurodegeneration and Neurorestoration, Center of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany

    Jörg B. Schulz

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Teismann, P., Schulz, J.B. Cellular pathology of Parkinson’s disease: astrocytes, microglia and inflammation. Cell Tissue Res 318, 149–161 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-004-0944-0

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Keywords

  • Astrocyte
  • Microglia
  • 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
  • Neurodegeneration
  • Parkinson’s disease