First report on B chromosome content in a reptilian species: the case of Anolis carolinensis

Kichigin, Ilya G.; Lisachov, Artem P.; Giovannotti, Massimo; Makunin, Alex I.; Kabilov, Marsel R.; O’Brien, Patricia C. M.; Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm A.; Graphodatsky, Alexander S.; Trifonov, Vladimir A.

doi:10.1007/s00438-018-1483-9

Original Article
Published: 27 August 2018

First report on B chromosome content in a reptilian species: the case of Anolis carolinensis

Ilya G. Kichigin¹,
Artem P. Lisachov²,
Massimo Giovannotti³,
Alex I. Makunin¹,
Marsel R. Kabilov⁴,
Patricia C. M. O’Brien⁵,
Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith⁵,
Alexander S. Graphodatsky^1,6 &
Vladimir A. Trifonov^1,6

Molecular Genetics and Genomics volume 294, pages 13–21 (2019)Cite this article

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Abstract

Supernumerary elements of the genome are often called B chromosomes. They usually consist of various autosomal sequences and, because of low selective pressure, are mostly pseudogenized and contain many repeats. There are numerous reports on B chromosomes in mammals, fish, invertebrates, plants, and fungi, but only a few of them have been studied using sequencing techniques. However, reptilian supernumerary chromosomes have been detected only cytogenetically and never sequenced or analyzed at the molecular level. One model squamate species with available genome sequence is Anolis carolinensis. The scope of the present article is to describe the genetic content of A. carolinensis supernumerary chromosomes. In this article, we confirm the presence of B chromosomes in this species by reverse painting and synaptonemal complex analysis. We applied low-pass high-throughput sequencing to analyze flow-sorted B chromosomes. Anole B chromosomes exhibit similar traits to other supernumerary chromosomes from different taxons: they contain two genes related to cell division control (INCENP and SPIRE2), are enriched in specific repeats, and show a high degree of pseudogenization. Therefore, the present study confirms that reptilian B chromosomes resemble supernumerary chromosomes of other taxons.

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Funding

The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF, 16-14-10009) and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR, 16-04-00087).

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Authors and Affiliations

Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Ilya G. Kichigin, Alex I. Makunin, Alexander S. Graphodatsky & Vladimir A. Trifonov
Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Artem P. Lisachov
Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
Massimo Giovannotti
Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Marsel R. Kabilov
Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
Patricia C. M. O’Brien & Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Alexander S. Graphodatsky & Vladimir A. Trifonov

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Ilya G. Kichigin
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Artem P. Lisachov
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Massimo Giovannotti
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Alex I. Makunin
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Marsel R. Kabilov
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Patricia C. M. O’Brien
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Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith
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Alexander S. Graphodatsky
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Vladimir A. Trifonov
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Kichigin, I.G., Lisachov, A.P., Giovannotti, M. et al. First report on B chromosome content in a reptilian species: the case of Anolis carolinensis. Mol Genet Genomics 294, 13–21 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-018-1483-9

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Received: 31 July 2018
Accepted: 22 August 2018
Published: 27 August 2018
Issue Date: 11 February 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-018-1483-9

Keywords

Squamata
Supernumerary chromosomes
High-throughput sequencing
DOP-PCR
Carolina anole