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Evolution of nematode-resistant Mi-1 gene homologs in three species of Solanum

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Abstract

Plants have evolved several defense mechanisms, including resistance genes. Resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita has been found in wild plant species. The molecular basis for this resistance has been best studied in the wild tomato Solanum peruvianum and it is based on a single dominant gene, Mi-1.2, which is found in a cluster of seven genes. This nematode attacks fiercely several crops, including potatoes. The genomic arrangement, number of copies, function and evolution of Mi-1 homologs in potatoes remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed partial genome sequences of the cultivated potato species S. tuberosum and S. phureja and identified 59 Mi-1 homologs. Mi-1 homologs in S. tuberosum seem to be arranged in clusters and located on chromosome 6 of the potato genome. Previous studies have suggested that Mi-1 genes in tomato evolved rapidly by frequent sequence exchanges among gene copies within the same cluster, losing orthologous relationships. In contrast, Mi-1 homologs from cultivated potato species (S. tuberosum and S. phureja) seem to have evolved by a birth-and-death process, in which genes evolve mostly by mutations and interallelic recombinations in addition to sequence exchanges.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their highly valuable suggestions. This study was supported by grants from ANPCyT (PICT-2008-277) and Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Sectyp 06/M022) to MVSP and RWM, who are researchers from CONICET.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciencias Basicas, IBAM-CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina

    Maria Virginia Sanchez-Puerta

  2. Instituto de Biología Agrícola Mendoza (IBAM), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, and INTA EEA La Consulta, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina

    Ricardo Williams Masuelli

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  1. Maria Virginia Sanchez-Puerta
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Correspondence to Maria Virginia Sanchez-Puerta.

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Communicated by C. Gebhardt.

Electronic Supplementary Material

438_2010_596_MOESM1_ESM.eps

Figure S1. Phylogenetic tree of Mi-1 homologs from S. lycopersicum (in red) and S. tuberosum (in green), based on 106 taxa and 4079 nt. Yellow rectangles indicate duplicate sequences. (EPS 348 kb)

Figure S2. Alignment of Mi-1 homologs from S. lycopersicum, S. tuberosum and S. phureja. (TXT 355 kb)

438_2010_596_MOESM3_ESM.eps

Figure S3. A: Phylogenetic analyses of different regions of StMi1h genes from S. tuberosum. On the left: N-terminal region (2088 nt long); in the middle: NBS region (873 nt long), and on the right: LRR (1068 nt long). Best trees based on nucleotides under maximum likelihood (ML) using the program Garli. Trees are plotted on a common scale. B: AU test p values comparing the trees from each gene region. (EPS 507 kb)

438_2010_596_MOESM4_ESM.eps

Figure S4. Phylogenetic analyses of different regions of Mi-1 genes from S. lycopersicum. On the left: N-terminal region (2088 nt long); in the middle: NBS region (873 nt long); and on the right: LRR (1068 nt long). Best trees based on nucleotides under maximum likelihood (ML) using the program Garli. Trees are plotted on a common scale. B: AU test p values comparing the trees from each gene region. (EPS 487 kb)

Table S1. List of Mi-1 genes from Solanaceae included in this study. (XLS 36.5 kb)

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Sanchez-Puerta, M.V., Masuelli, R.W. Evolution of nematode-resistant Mi-1 gene homologs in three species of Solanum . Mol Genet Genomics 285, 207–218 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-010-0596-6

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