Abstract
The chromosome arrangement in interphase nuclei is of growing interest, e.g., the spatial vicinity of homologous sequences is decisive for efficient repair of DNA damage by homologous recombination, and close alignment of sister chromatids is considered as a prerequisite for their bipolar orientation and subsequent segregation during nuclear division. To study the degree of homologous pairing and of sister chromatid alignment in plants, we applied fluorescent in situ hybridisation with specific bacterial artificial chromosome inserts to interphase nuclei. Previously we found in Arabidopsis thaliana and in A. lyrata positional homologous pairing at random, and, except for centromere regions, sister chromatids were frequently not aligned. To test whether these features are typical for higher plants or depend on genome size, chromosome organisation and/or phylogenetic affiliation, we investigated distinct individual loci in other species. The positional pairing of these loci was mainly random. The highest frequency of sister alignment (in >93% of homologues) was found for centromeres, some rDNA and a few other high copy loci. Apparently, somatic homologous pairing is not a typical feature of angiosperms, and sister chromatid aligment is not obligatory along chromosome arms. Thus, the high frequency of chromatid exchanges at homologous positions after mutagen treatment needs another explanation than regular somatic pairing of homologues (possibly an active search of damaged sites for homology). For sister chromatid exchanges a continuous sister chromatid alignment is not required. For correct segregation, permanent alignment of sister centromeres is sufficient.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Joachim Bruder, Martina Kühne, Rita Schubert for excellent technical assistance and Andreas Houben for critical reading the manuscript. Maize probes and seeds were kindly provided by James Birchler; Secale plants and the 1,100 bp repeat by A. H. and Mariana Carchilan.
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Communicated by R. Hagemann.
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Schubert, V., Kim, YM., Berr, A. et al. Random homologous pairing and incomplete sister chromatid alignment are common in angiosperm interphase nuclei. Mol Genet Genomics 278, 167–176 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-007-0242-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-007-0242-0