Abstract
Ivermectin is one of the most widely used drugs for parasite control. Previous studies have shown a reduction in the abundance and diversity of “non-target” coprophilous organisms due to the presence of ivermectin (IVM) in bovine faecal matter (FM). Due to its breadth of behavioural habits, Calliphora vicina is a suitable dipteran species to evaluate the effects of IVM in FM. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of five concentrations of IVM in FM (3000, 300, 100, 30, and 3 ng/g) on the development of C. vicina. The following endpoints were evaluated: survival (between the first larval stage and emergence of new adults), larval development times to pupation and pupation times to adult, and adult emergence (% sex) and LC50. Sampling was performed from larval hatching at 60 and 120 min and at 3, 4, 5, and 12 h, and every 24 h specimens were weighed until pupae were observed. Data were analysed by ANOVA using a non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test and as a function of elapsed development time and accumulated degree hours (ADH). Mortality at 3000 and 300 ng/g was 100% and 97%, respectively. There were statistically significant delays in adult emergence time (p = 0.0216) and in the ADH (p = 0.0431) between the control group (C) and 100 ng/g. The LC50 was determined at 5.6 ng/g. These results demonstrate the lethal and sub-lethal effects of IVM on C. vicina, while highlighting the usefulness of this species as a bioindicator for ecotoxicological studies.
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Data availability
The data generated during and/or analysed during the current research are available from the author (Lucía Iglesias) on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. Pablo Mulieri for his collaboration in the taxonomic determination and his constant willingness to help.
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This research was supported partially by the Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (FONCyT-ANPCyT, Project PICT 2017–4030), Argentina.
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All authors contributed to the review and design. Material preparation and data collection and analysis were performed by Lucía Iglesias, Milagros Junco, and Carlos Saumell; sample processing and data analysis were carried out by Lucía Iglesias, Adrián Lifschitz, and Juan Sallovitz. The first draft was written by Lucia Iglesias, and co-authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and proved the final manuscript.
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Iglesias, L.E., Junco, M., Sallovitz, J.M. et al. Effects of ivermectin on development of Calliphora vicina, Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 (Diptera, Calliphoridae). Parasitol Res 123, 211 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-024-08233-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-024-08233-x