Abstract
Balamuthia mandrillaris is the causative agent of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, a rare and often fatal infection affecting the central nervous system. The amoeba is isolated from diverse environmental sources and can cause severe infections in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Given the limited understanding of B. mandrillaris, our research aimed to explore its protein profile, identifying potential immunogens crucial for early granulomatous amoebic encephalitis diagnosis. Cultures of B. mandrillaris and other amoebas were grown under axenic conditions, and total amoebic extracts were obtained. Proteomic analyses, including two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, were performed. A 50-kDa band showed a robust recognition of antibodies from immunized BALB/c mice; peptides contained in this band were matched with elongation factor-1 alpha, which emerged as a putative key immunogen. Besides, lectin blotting revealed the presence of glycoproteins in B. mandrillaris, and confocal microscopy demonstrated the focal distribution of the 50-kDa band throughout trophozoites. Cumulatively, these observations suggest the participation of the 50-kDa band in adhesion and recognition mechanisms. Thus, these collective findings demonstrate some protein characteristics of B. mandrillaris, opening avenues for understanding its pathogenicity and developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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The authors would like to thank Jorge Herrera-Díaz for his assistance in conducting the protein analysis through mass spectrometry.
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This research was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnologías (grant no. 289026) and the Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (PROFAPI_2018_041 and PROFAPI_2019_0057).
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Conceptualization: Fernando Lares-Villa, Saúl Rojas-Hernández and Rosalía Alfaro-Sifuentes. Data curation: Saúl Rojas-Hernández, María Maricela Carrasco-Yépez, Fernando Lares-Villa, Luis Fernando Lares-Jiménez and Rosalía Alfaro-Sifuentes. Formal analysis: Saúl Rojas-Hernández, María Maricela Carrasco-Yépez and Rosalía Alfaro-Sifuentes. Funding acquisition: Fernando Lares-Villa, Luis Fernando Lares-Jiménez, Saúl Rojas-Hernández and María Maricela Carrasco-Yépez. Investigation: Saúl Rojas-Hernández, Diego Alexander Rojas-Ortega, Luis Fernando Lares-Jiménez and Rosalía Alfaro-Sifuentes. Project administration: Fernando Lares-Villa and Saúl Rojas-Hernández. Resources: Fernando Lares-Villa, Luis Fernando Lares-Jiménez, Saúl Rojas-Hernández and María Maricela Carrasco-Yépez. Supervision: Saúl Rojas-Hernández and Fernando Lares-Villa. Validation: Saúl Rojas-Hernández, María Maricela Carrasco-Yépez, Fernando Lares-Villa, Luis Fernando Lares-Jiménez, Libia Zulema Rodriguez-Anaya, Jose Reyes Gonzalez-Galaviz and Rosalía Alfaro-Sifuentes. Visualization: Saúl Rojas-Hernández, María Maricela Carrasco-Yépez, Fernando Lares-Villa, Luis Fernando Lares-Jiménez, Libia Zulema Rodriguez-Anaya, Jose Reyes Gonzalez-Galaviz and Rosalía Alfaro-Sifuentes. Writing – original draft: Saúl Rojas-Hernández, María Maricela Carrasco-Yépez, Fernando Lares-Villa, Luis Fernando Lares-Jiménez and Rosalía Alfaro-Sifuentes. Writing – review and editing: Saúl Rojas-Hernández, Fernando Lares-Villa and Rosalía Alfaro-Sifuentes.
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Alfaro-Sifuentes, R., Lares-Jiménez, L.F., Rojas-Hernández, S. et al. Immunogens in Balamuthia mandrillaris: a proteomic exploration. Parasitol Res 123, 173 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-024-08193-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-024-08193-2