Abstract
The etiological agents of zoonotic cystic echinococcosis comprise the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) species complex. The present study was aimed at investigating the zoonotic genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus s.l. circulating in the pig population of Haryana, India. Out of 253 slaughtered pigs screened, 5 showed the presence of hydatid cysts. The amplification of the partial mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) gene for the molecular confirmation and phylogenetics of the retrieved metacestodes (n = 2) revealed the presence of E. ortleppi. The sequences generated herein exhibited 99.80% homology to the GenBank archived E. ortleppi sequences. Cladistics targeting genetic diversity and haplotype network analysis involved 37 E. granulosus s.l. GenBank archived sequences from India corresponding to different hosts (large and small ruminants and humans) along with the sequences (n = 2) generated in the present study. Overall, 14 haplotypes with high haplotype (0.780 ± 0.059) and low nucleotide (0.033 ± 0.010) diversities were recorded for the overall data set, which evinced a population expansion. The median-joining haplotype network revealed a stellate shape of E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) sequences, which was indicative of rapid population expansion. High genetic differentiation (FST = 0.840 − 0.983) and low gene flow (Nm = 0.003 − 0.047) were recorded between the pig intermediate hosts infected with E. ortleppi and other hosts infected with E. granulosus s.s. The findings are of paramount significance for the formulation of effective control strategies considering the public health and economic impact of cystic echinococcosis.
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The authors are thankful to the Dean of the College of Veterinary Sciences and the Director of Research of Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences for providing the necessary facilities to carry out the research.
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A. D. M. was involved in the sample collection, investigation, methodology, and writing. A. K. N. was involved in the sample collection, investigation, and laboratory work. P. M. conceptualized the work, supervised the investigation, and also drafted, reviewed, and edited the manuscript. All the authors contributed to the review.
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Moudgil, A.D., Nehra, A.K. & Moudgil, P. Understanding the role of pigs in the transmission of zoonotic Echinococcus ortleppi in Haryana, India. Parasitol Res 123, 172 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-024-08192-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-024-08192-3