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Immunization with recombinant LiHyp1 protein plus adjuvant is protective against tegumentary leishmaniasis

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Abstract

Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is the main clinical manifestation of leishmaniasis, and it can cause the infected hosts to self-healing cutaneous lesions until mutilating scars in mucosal membranes, particularly in the nose and throat. The treatment against disease presents problems, and the diagnosis is hampered by variable sensitivity and/or specificity of the tests. In this context, the development of prophylactic vaccines could be considered as a strategy to control the disease. Previously, we showed that the recombinant LiHyp1 protein plus adjuvant protected mice from infection with Leishmania infantum, which causes visceral leishmaniasis. In the present study, we tested whether rLiHyp1 could induce protection against infection with L. amazonensis, a parasite species able to cause TL. We immunized BALB/c mice with rLiHyp1 plus saponin (rLiHyp1/S) or incorporated in micelles (rLiHyp1/M) as adjuvants and performed parasitological and immunological evaluations before and after infection. Results showed that after in vitro stimulation from spleen cell cultures using rLiHyp1 or a Leishmania antigenic extract (SLA), rLiHyp1/S and rLiHyp1/M groups developed a Th1-type immune response, which was characterized by high levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α and IL-12 cytokines, nitrite, and IgG2a isotype antibodies when compared to values found in the control (saline, saponin, micelles alone) groups, which showed higher levels of anti-SLA IL-4, IL-10, and IgG1 antibodies before and after challenge. In addition, mice receiving rLiHyp1/S or rLiHyp1/M presented significant reductions in the lesion average diameter and parasite load in the infected tissue and internal organs. Blood samples were collected from healthy subjects and TL patients to obtain PBMC cultures, which were in vitro stimulated with rLiHyp1 or SLA, and results showed higher lymphoproliferation and IFN-γ production after stimulus using rLiHyp1, as compared to values found using SLA. These results suggest that rLiHyp1 plus adjuvant was protective against experimental TL and could also be considered for future studies as a vaccine candidate against human disease.

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Funding

The study was supported by grant APQ-02167-21 from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Brazil. The authors also thank the Brazilian agencies Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), FAPEMIG, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for student scholarships.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Marcelo M. Jesus, Daniela P. Lage, Danniele L. Vale, Camila S. Freitas, Breno L. Pimenta, Fernanda F. Ramos, Isabela A.G. Pereira, Raquel S. Bandeira, Fernanda Ludolf, Grasiele S.V. Tavares, Mariana C. Duarte, Daniel Menezes-Souza, Antônio L. Teixeira, Denise U. Gonçalves, Vívian T. Martins & Eduardo A.F. Coelho

  2. Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Insituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Gabriel J.L. Moreira & Bruno M. Roatt

  3. Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil

    Alexsandro S. Galdino

  4. Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 6627, Brazil

    Mariana C. Duarte, Daniel Menezes-Souza & Eduardo A.F. Coelho

  5. Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José S/N, Umacollo, Arequipa, Peru

    Miguel A. Chávez-Fumagalli

  6. Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, USA

    Antônio L. Teixeira

  7. Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, England

    Myron Christodoulides

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  1. Marcelo M. Jesus
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  2. Daniela P. Lage
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Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EAFC, VTM, MC, BMR, ALT, DUG. Performed the experiments: MMJ, DPL, DLV, CSF, BLP, GJLM, FFR, IAGP, RSB, FL, GSVT, MCD, DMS, BMR. Analyzed the data: EAFC, MACF, VTM, ASG. Wrote the manuscript: EAFC, MACF, MC. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eduardo A.F. Coelho.

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Ethical approval

The Committee on the Ethical Handling of Research Animals of UFMG approved the study with protocol number 144/2020. In addition, the project was approved by the Ethics Committee on Human Research of University, with protocol number CAAE–32343114.9.0000.5149. A consent form was explained to and signed by all the participants, which accepted to participate and consented to publish their laboratorial results.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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ESM 1

Supplementary Fig. 1. Representative plots to evaluate the cytoplasmatic cytokine production by flow cytometry. Representative plots of the gating strategy in this study to characterize the IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-10-producing T-cells frequency are shown by using the Boolean gate strategy (PNG 142 kb)

High Resolution image (TIF 198 kb)

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Jesus, M.M., Lage, D.P., Vale, D.L. et al. Immunization with recombinant LiHyp1 protein plus adjuvant is protective against tegumentary leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 122, 2917–2931 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07981-6

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