Abstract
Schistosoma japonicum had once caused the greatest disease burden in China and has still been transmitted in some hilly areas, for example, in Shitai of Anhui province, where rodents are projected to be the main reservoir. This may lead to a critical need of molecular tools with high efficiency in monitoring the dynamic of the rodent-associated S. japonicum, as an appropriate amount of schistosome input can re-establish its life cycle in a place with snails and then result in the re-emergence of schistosomiasis. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop high polymorphic microsatellites from the whole genome of rodent-associated S. japonicum strain to monitor its transmission dynamic. We sampled the hilly schistosome isolate from Shitai of Anhui in China and sequenced the parasite with the next-generation sequencing technology. The whole genome was assembled with four different approaches. We then developed 71 microsatellite markers at a genome-wide scale throughout two best assembled genomes. Based on their chromosome mapping and the expected length of targeted sequences, we selected 24 markers for the development of multiplex reactions. Two multiplexes composed of 10 loci were finally developed, and their potential was revealed by their successful application on and capturing the genetic diversity of three schistosome populations. The selected 10 markers, each with clear chromosome location and characteristics, will be greatly useful in tracing the dispersal pathways or/and dynamics of the rodent-associated S. japonicum or others in the hilly area of China or elsewhere.
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The authors declare that data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.
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Funding
This research was funded by National Science Foundation of China, grant number 81971957.
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Contributions
Conceptualization: Mengtao Sun and Dabing Lu.
Data curation: Mengtao Sun and Yuheng Cheng.
Formal analysis: Mengtao Sun, Hanqi Peng, Changzhe Gao, and Yuheng Cheng.
Funding acquisition: Da-Bing Lu and Weiling Gu.
Investigation: Mengtao Sun and Yuheng Cheng.
Methodology: Mengtao Sun and Ning Wang.
Project administration: Dabing Lu.
Resources: Mengtao Sun and Weiling Gu.
Software: Mengtao Sun and Yuheng Cheng.
Supervision: Dabing Lu.
Validation: Yuheng Cheng and Changzhe Gao.
Visualization: Hanqi Peng and Ning Wang.
Writing–original draft preparation: Mengtao Sun.
Writing, review, and editing: Mengtao Sun and Dabing Lu.
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All ICR mice were purchased from the laboratory center of Soochow University. The care and use procedures for all experimental animals comply with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals (Ministry of Science and Technology, China, 2004). The Ethical Committee of Soochow University (No. 81971957) approved the research protocols in this study. The study was conducted based on the ARRIVE guidelines. Experiments were conducted in accordance with animal ethics guidelines and approved protocols.
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Supplementary information
ESM 1
S1 Table. Summary of BUSCO results for completeness assessment (using lineage datasets eukaryota_odb10 and metazoa_odb10). (XLS 32 kb)
ESM 2
S2 Table. Number of microsatellites with different motifs. (XLS 43 kb)
ESM 3
S3 Table. Detailed information of all designed primer pairs. (XLS 121 kb)
ESM 4
S4 Table. Chromosome mapping of the 71 microsatellite markers. (XLS 59 kb)
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Sun, M., Cheng, Y., Gao, C. et al. Construction and characterization of microsatellite markers for the Schistosoma japonicum isolate from a hilly area of China based on whole genome sequencing. Parasitol Res 122, 2737–2748 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07976-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07976-3