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A regional scale study of parasites in Percichthys trucha, an endemic fish of southern South America: insights on diversity and distribution from two decades of field surveys

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Abstract

The current conservation status of Percichthys trucha (Creole perch) is Least Concern, although the population trend is considered to be decreasing. We conducted an extensive survey of parasite fauna in this species over two decades in its distribution range in Argentina. Fish were collected using gill and trawl nets. Parasites were collected, identified, and counted to calculate prevalence and mean intensity. The present work reports the parasite species infecting P. trucha, using data from our own survey and from previously published records. This information enables us to evaluate infection and distribution patterns, assess the role of P. trucha as host, determine the specificity of the parasites, and evaluate the threat represented by introduced, invasive parasites. The data set consists of a total of 453 host-parasite-locality records, of which only 15 are exclusively bibliographic. We found 44 parasite taxa: 19 digeneans, 4 monogeneans, 5 cestodes, 8 nematodes, 4 acanthocephalans, 3 crustaceans, and 1 mollusk. The most represented families were Diplostomidae, Heterophyidae, and Dactylogyridae. This study increases the number of parasite species known from 25 to 44. It can be concluded that this parasite fauna is characterized by high diversity, particularly of digeneans, and most of the parasites reproduce within this host, a pattern which is related to the top position of this fish species in the trophic webs. Six parasite species (Allocreadium patagonicum, Homalometron papilliferum, Acanthostomoides apophalliformis, Duplaccessorius andinus, Pseudodelphys limnicola, and Hysterothylacium patagonense) exhibit high host specificity (only matures in Creole perches) and are widely distributed, which could now be considered as “biogeographical core helminth fauna.” Some P. trucha populations are affected by the invasion of alien fishes like Cyprinus carpio and pathogenic parasites like Lernaea cyprinacea and Schizocotyle acheilognathi. Our findings emphasize the need for further research.

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Acknowledgements

Sampling was carried out with the permission of Argentinean National Parks and Provincial and County authorities. We thank Audrey Shaw for English revisions of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Research Council of Argentina (Grant No. PIP 0203 2020) and FONCYT (Grant No. PICT 1464 2020) and Universidad Nacional del Comahue (Grant No. UNCoB/264).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Parasitología–INIBIOMA (CONICET–Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Avda. Quintral 1250, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina

    Gustavo Viozzi, Carlos Rauque, Verónica Flores, Rocío Vega & Agustina Waicheim

Authors
  1. Gustavo Viozzi
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  2. Carlos Rauque
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  3. Verónica Flores
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  4. Rocío Vega
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  5. Agustina Waicheim
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Contributions

G.V., C.R., and V.F. designed the study, collected, organized, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. A.W. and R.V. contributed to parasite collection. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Verónica Flores.

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Ethical approval

The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional guides on the care and use of laboratory animals.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Section Editor: Guillermo Salgado-Maldonado

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Viozzi, G., Rauque, C., Flores, V. et al. A regional scale study of parasites in Percichthys trucha, an endemic fish of southern South America: insights on diversity and distribution from two decades of field surveys. Parasitol Res 122, 2667–2689 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07970-9

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