Abstract
Mites serve as pathogens, allergens, or microbial containers, which can seriously damage the health of humans and animals. The substantial amount of mite species and their similar morphology make it complicated to identify and classify. Our mouse breeder incidentally noticed papular-type erythema with itching and peeling of the skin in several places, and an investigation revealed that this symptom was caused by an uncommon parasite that appeared on the skin and around the nest of the mice. By morphological observation, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and DNA sequencing, we roughly identified the category of the parasite as a mite. Then, we designed a specific primer cox1, amplified and sequenced the mitochondrial cox1 gene fragment of the mite, calculated the intraspecific and interspecific differences, and reconstructed the phylogenetic tree for sequence alignment. Finally, this species was identified and named this Ornithonyssus bacoti-KF. According to the ivermectin gradient test, we found that 0.1 mg/mL concentration of ivermectin solution was the most effective for mite removal in the bath, with no recurrence after 6 months of treatment. Ornithonyssus bacoti, diagnosed by microscopic exam and confirmed by PCR amplification sequencing, was treated with ivermectin to control the rodent-borne parasite effectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All the data generated or analyzed in this study are contained in this article.
References
Beck W (2008) Occurrence of a house-infesting tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) on murides and human beings. Travel Med Infect Dis 6:245–249
Beck W, Pfister K (2006) Mites as a cause of zoonoses in human beings. Wien Klin Wochenschr 118:27–32
Ben-David T, Melamed S, Gerson U, Morin S (2007) ITS2 sequences as barcodes for identifying and analyzing spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae). Exp Appl Acarol 41:169–181
Bhowmick B, Zhao J, Øines Ø, Bi T, Liao C, Zhang L, Han Q (2019) Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Ornithonyssus sylviarum in chickens (Gallus gallus) from Hainan Island, China. Parasit Vectors 12:553
Bickford D, Lohman DJ, Sodhi NS, Ng PK, Meier R, Winker K, Ingram KK, Das I (2007) Cryptic species as a window on diversity and conservation. Trends Ecol Evol 22:148–155
Cruickshank RH (2002) Molecular markers for the phylogenetics of mites and ticks. Systematic & Applied Acarology 7:3–14
De Rojas M, Mora MD, Ubeda JM, Cutillas C, Navajas M, Guevara DC (2002) Phylogenetic relationships in rhinonyssid mites (Acari: Rhinonyssidae) based on ribosomal DNA sequences: insights for the discrimination of closely related species. Parasitol Res 88:675–681
DeSalle R, Goldstein P (2019) Review and interpretation of trends in DNA barcoding. Front Ecol Evol 7:302
Ernieenor FCL, Ernna G, Jafson AS, Mariana A (2018) PCR identification and phylogenetic analysis of the medically important dust mite Suidasia medanensis (Acari: Suidasiidae) in Malaysia. Exp Appl Acarol 76:99–107
Fischer K, Walton S (2014) Parasitic mites of medical and veterinary importance–is there a common research agenda? Int J Parasitol 44:955–967
Hebert PD, Cywinska A, Ball SL, deWaard JR (2003) Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc Biol Sci 270:313–321
Jiang F, Wang L, Wang S, Zhu L, Dong L, Zhang Z, Hao B, Yang F, Liu W, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Pan B, Han Y, Ren H, Cao G (2017) Meteorological factors affect the epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome via altering the breeding and hantavirus-carrying states of rodents and mites: a 9 years’ longitudinal study. Emerg Microbes Infect 6:e104
Kloos WE, Wolfshohl JF (1982) Identification of Staphylococcus species with the API STAPH-IDENT system. J Clin Microbiol 16:509–516
Matzen da Silva J, Creer S, dos Santos A, Costa AC, Cunha MR, Costa FO, Carvalho GR (2011) Systematic and evolutionary insights derived from mtDNA COI barcode diversity in the Decapoda (Crustacea: Malacostraca). PLoS ONE 6:e19449
Reeves WK, Loftis AD, Szumlas DE, Abbassy MM, Helmy IM, Hanafi HA, Dasch GA (2007) Rickettsial pathogens in the tropical rat mite Ornithonyssus bacoti (Acari: Macronyssidae) from Egyptian rats (Rattus spp.). Exp Appl Acarol 41:101–107
Rollinson D, Walker TK, Simpson AJ (1986) The application of recombinant DNA technology to problems of helminth identification. Parasitology 92(Suppl):S53-71
Savolainen V, Cowan RS, Vogler AP, Roderick GK, Lane R (2005) Towards writing the encyclopedia of life: an introduction to DNA barcoding. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 360:1805–1811
Wu Q, Richard M, Rutschmann A, Miles DB, Clobert J (2019) Environmental variation mediates the prevalence and co-occurrence of parasites in the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara. BMC Ecol 19:44
Zhao Y, Zhang WY, Wang RL, Niu DL (2020) Divergent domains of 28S ribosomal RNA gene: DNA barcodes for molecular classification and identification of mites. Parasit Vectors 13:251
Funding
This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province [grant numbers 182300410316, Y. Z.], Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province [grant numbers 202102310808, W. L.], and Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Hebi (W. L.)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Huimin Xu drafted the initial article; Ying Wang and Jiaqi Fang reviewed and revised the article; Jiaxin Wang conducted the figures. Yun Zhou guided the writing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval
The protocol was approved by Committee of Medical Ethics and Welfare for Experimental Animals, Henan University School of Medicine, in line with the “Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” published by NIH.
Consent to participate
The authors consented to participate.
Consent for publication
The authors agreed to publish this paper.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Section Editor: Boris Krasnov
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, H., Wang, Y., Fang, J. et al. A rapid diagnosis and treatment of Ornithonyssus bacoti infection. Parasitol Res 122, 1567–1572 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07858-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07858-8