Abstract
The ability to modulate the host immune response has allowed some parasites to establish themselves in the tissues of an immunocompetent organism. While some parasite excretion/secretion products (ESPs) were recently reported to induce differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), their identity is not known. This work is aimed to identify and characterize ESPs of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci linked with Treg induction in vivo. ESPs were obtained from cultures of T. crassiceps cysticerci and inoculated in mice, measuring Treg levels by flow cytometry. Proteins in ESPs were analyzed by electrophoresis; then, ESPs were classified as either differential or conserved. Differentially included proteins were MS-sequenced and functionally characterized. Only 4 of 10 ESPs induced Tregs. Proteins with catalytic activity and those involved in immunological processes predominated, supporting the idea that these molecules could play an important role in the induction of Tregs.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Juan Francisco Rodríguez for the English copyediting as well as the Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología) for the technical support in the acquisition of flow cytometry samples. The authors also thank Carlos Castellanos Barba for his technical assistance in flow cytometry.
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This study was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CB-2008–01 100708 and 167278). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and interpretation, or decision to submit the work for publication.
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Valeria Morales-Ruiz and Dina López-Recinos: performed cysticercus culture and obtained ESPs, performed Treg induction assays and statistical analyses, performed two-dimensional electrophoresis assays, performed proteomic and bioinformatic analyses, analyzed results, and drafted the manuscript; María Gracia Castañeda: performed the standardization of two-dimensional electrophoresis assays, performed cysticercus culturing and obtained ESPs, performed Treg induction assays, and performed two-dimensional electrophoresis gels; Adrián Guevara-Salinas: participated in cysticercus culturing and in obtaining the ESPs, performed Treg induction assays, and performed statistical analyses; Sandra Gómez-Fuentes: participated in the standardization of two-dimensional electrophoresis assays and in obtaining Tregs in induction assays; Cristina Parada-Colin: helped perform the two-dimensional electrophoresis assays; Clara Espitia-Pinzón: helped perform the two-dimensional electrophoresis assays; Marisela Hernández-González: participated in cysticercus culturing and in obtaining the ESPs; Laura Adalid-Peralta: conceived the study, designed the experiments, participated in Treg induction assays, analyzed the results, and drafted the manuscript.
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All experimental protocols were approved by the Scientific Committee and the Institutional Committee for the Care of Laboratory Animals of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (Permit No. 14/6). All methods were carried out in accordance with the guidelines and regulations in the Mexican Official Standard NOM 062 ZOO 1999.
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Morales-Ruiz, V., López-Recinos, D., Castañeda, M.G. et al. Characterization of excretory/secretory products of the Taenia crassiceps cysticercus involved in the induction of regulatory T cells in vivo. Parasitol Res 122, 1489–1497 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07847-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07847-x