Abstract
In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been expanding and urbanizing, mainly in non-endemic areas such as the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Considering that infected dogs are the main reservoirs of VL in urban areas, the present study aimed to evaluate the propagation of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) infection from an unaffected region in transition to a VL transmission area. For this, 1159 and 1087 samples of canine serum from 2015 and 2021, respectively, were analyzed, using the indirect immunofluorescence test. In addition, necropsy reports between 2007 and 2021 were evaluated. The results showed a prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies of 7.5% in the samples from 2015, while in 2021 samples, it was 23.5%, with an incidence of 0.4 cases per 100 dogs. It is noteworthy that in 2007, there was no record of CVL as the cause of death in the pathological reports, and in 2021, 41 diagnoses were made with the protozoan being a determinant of the death of the animal. These values indicate an increasing trend in the prevalence and incidence coefficients of CVL. The results of this study allowed us to verify the spread of the disease from an unaffected region to a transmission area of the agent, as well as provide subsidies for health authorities to implement improvements in the CVL control program in the municipality, to mitigate the emergence of human cases of the disease.
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Funding
This work is financially supported by the following Brazilian funding agencies: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES – FINANCIAL CODE 001), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS).
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Michelli Lopes de Souza, Isac Júnior Roman, Ana Paula Gnocato Mortari, Fabiana Raquel Ratzlaff, Renata Dalcol Mazzaro, Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti, Irina Lübeck, Rafael Almeida Fighera, Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade, Sônia de Ávila Botton, Fernanda Silveira Flôres Vogel, and Luís Antônio Sangioni. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Michelli Lopes de Souza, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Ethical approval was waived by the local Ethics Committee of University of Santa Maria in view of the retrospective nature of the study, and all the procedures being performed were part of the routine care.
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de Souza, M.L., Roman, I.J., Mortari, A.P.G. et al. Dynamics of Leishmania spp. infection in dogs from an unaffected region in transition to a visceral leishmaniasis transmission area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Parasitol Res 121, 3269–3273 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07654-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07654-w