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Characterization of agglutinating antibodies detected by the direct agglutination test for visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis

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Abstract

This study aimed to characterize agglutinating antibodies detected by the direct agglutination test (DAT-LPC) for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The DAT-LPC antigen/antibodies complex was recovered, washed, and used as antigenic substrate in a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (modified ELISA), revealed with anti-human IgM, IgG, and IgG subtype conjugates, and in the immunofluorescent antibodies test (IFAT), revealed with anti-human IgG and IgG1 conjugates. IgM antibodies were detected in 50%, IgG and IgG1 in 100%, and IgG3 in 52.8% of the 36 samples from VL patients. IFAT showed that agglutinating IgG and IgG1 antibodies recognized more intensely antigens located in the membrane and kinetoplast of the parasite. No antibodies were detected in the 15 samples from healthy individuals. This study shows for the first time that the antibodies responsible for agglutination in DAT-LPC are mostly of the IgG1 subtype.

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Data transparency

The datasets used and analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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  • 28 August 2022

    The article was modified to remove duplicate text.

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Funding

The Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation gave partial funding. E. Oliveira was supported by CNPq-Brazil (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Proc. 313471/2019–3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IRR/FIOCRUZ), Clinical Research and Public Politics in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Av. Augusto de Lima, Belo Horizonte, MG, 1715, 30190-001, Brazil

    Karine Ferreira Lopes, Thana Lanna & Edward Oliveira

  2. Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IRR/FIOCRUZ), Functional Genomic of Parasites, Av. Augusto de Lima, Belo Horizonte, MG, 1715, 30190-001, Brazil

    Karine Ferreira Lopes, Thana Lanna & Edward Oliveira

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  1. Karine Ferreira Lopes
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  2. Thana Lanna
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  3. Edward Oliveira
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Contributions

KFL and TL performed the research and analyzed the data. EO designed the study and analyzed the data. KFL and EO wrote the manuscript and revised it critically for important intellectual content. All the authors reviewed the manuscript and gave final approval of the version to be published. Each author participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Edward Oliveira.

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Ethical statement

The use of human samples was approved in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethical Review Committee of the IRR/FIOCRUZ, Brazil (CAE: 06740918.4.0000.5091); the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 1983; and the Brazilian rules RDC 466/2012. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants/parents or guardians before collecting samples.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Section Editor: Marta Teixeira

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Lopes, K.F., Lanna, T. & Oliveira, E. Characterization of agglutinating antibodies detected by the direct agglutination test for visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis. Parasitol Res 121, 3025–3030 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07624-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07624-2

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