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Composition and structure of the parasitic fauna of Hypostomus spp. (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from a Neotropical river in Brazil

  • Fish Parasitology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Hypostomus are abundant in Brazilian rivers and streams. In the Ivaí River, the loricariids represent 20.3% of the total species of the basin. Of these 13 species belong to Hypostomus. However, to date, there are no studies on these fish parasitic fauna. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the distribution of the parasitic infracommunity of six species of Hypostomus from the Ivaí River and investigate how the infracommunity is structured in these hosts. One hundred and twenty-eight fish were analyzed, belonging to six sympatric species of Hypostomus (Hypostomus hermanni, H. cochliodon, H. albopunctatus, H. regani, Hypostomus sp.1, and Hypostomus sp.2); of these, 92.9% were parasitized with at least one taxon, totaling 1478 specimens of parasites. The parasitic fauna was composed of the ectoparasites Trinigyrus anthus, T. carvalhoi, Unilatus unilatus (monogeneans), and Placobdella spp. (hirudinea), and the endoparasites Austrodiplostomum compactum (digenean) and Procamallanus annipetterae (nematode). The parasites exhibited similar patterns of infection in all hosts, including a low number of species, low diversity, and numerical dominance of a group of parasites. However, permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) showed different parasite species compositions among the hosts. Hypostomus cochliodon and H. regani had the highest parasite richness, while Hypostomus sp.1 and Hypostomus sp.2 showed low abundance and intensity of parasitic infections. However, Hypostomus sp.1 showed the highest values of evenness, although the parasite composition in both species did not differ. The results presented herein contribute to increasing the knowledge about the parasitic fauna of Hypostomus spp. from the Ivaí River by presenting new hosts and locality records.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Program in Comparative Biology and the Program in Ecology of Continental Aquatic Environments of the State University of Maringá for providing the equipment and materials for this study.

Funding

This research relied only on a doctoral scholarship provided by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES: 88882.449210/2019–01), through the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada at the Universidade Estadual de Maringá.

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  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

    Aparecida de Fátima Cracco & Ricardo Massato Takemoto

  2. Programa Em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

    Atsler Luana Lehun & Ricardo Massato Takemoto

  3. Núcleo de Pesquisas Em Limnologia, Ictiologia E Aquicultura, NUPELIA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

    Ricardo Massato Takemoto

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  1. Aparecida de Fátima Cracco
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Contributions

Aparecida de Fatima Cracco: Collection of hosts, analysis of parasites, general structure of the manuscript, and discussion of results. Atsler Luana Lehun: General structure of the manuscript, statistical analyses, and discussion of the results. Ricardo Massato Takemoto supervised the research and contributed to the discussion and text review. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Aparecida de Fátima Cracco.

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The animals were captured under the authorization of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity and Conservation of the Brazilian Government (ICMBIO) (license number SISBIO/66135–3). All procedures followed the guidelines for capture, handling, and care of animals of the Ethics Committee on Animal/Universidade Estadual de Maringá (CEUA no. 5073090620).

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de Fátima Cracco, A., Lehun, A.L. & Takemoto, R.M. Composition and structure of the parasitic fauna of Hypostomus spp. (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from a Neotropical river in Brazil. Parasitol Res 121, 2253–2262 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07551-2

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