Abstract
Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide and it may have serious consequences, especially for women. Currently, 5-nitroimidazole drugs are the treatment of choice for trichomoniasis, although presenting adverse effects and reported cases of drug resistance. Metabolites isolated from marine fungi have attracted considerable attention due to their unique chemical structures with diverse biological activities, including antiprotozoal activity. In this study, we showed the anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of fractions obtained from marine fungi and the chemical composition of the most active fraction was determined. Ethyl acetate fractions of the fungus Aspergillus niger (EAE03) and Trichoderma harzianum/Hypocrea lixii complex (EAE09) were active against T. vaginalis. These samples, EAE03 and EAE09, were also effective against the fresh clinical isolate metronidazole-resistant TV-LACM2R, presenting MIC values of 2.0 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. The same MIC values were found against ATCC 30,236 T. vaginalis isolate. In vitro cytotoxicity revealed only the fraction named EAE03 with no cytotoxic effect; however, the active fractions did not promote a significant hemolytic effect after 1-h incubation. Already, the in vivo toxicity evaluation using Galleria mellonella larvae demonstrated that none of the tested samples caused a reduction in animal survival. The fraction EAE03 was followed for purification steps and analyzed by LC-DAD-MS. Eleven compounds were annotated, including butyrolactone, butanolide, and atromentin. Overall, the range of activities reported confirms the potential of marine fungi to produce bioactive molecules.
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Funding
This study was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/Brazil) Marine Biotechnology Program (Rede MarAtivo, grants #408578/2013–0 and #408718/2013–7) and by the Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS/Brazil) PRONEM-FAPERGS grant 16/2551–0000244-4 (AJM). F.R.S., C.B.M., and L.N.S. thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil) for fellowships. G.V.R. and R.C. thank CNPq for fellowships. D.S.T. thanks CNPq Universal 2014 (grant 443150/2014–1). A.J.M. (grant 304014/2019–2), T.T. (grant 312292/2017–1), M.F.L. (grant 311553/2018–4), and D.B.S. (grant 309054/2016–8) thank CNPq for researcher fellowships.
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Senger, F.R., Campos-Silva, R., Landell, M.F. et al. Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity and chemical analysis of metabolites produced by marine-associated fungi. Parasitol Res 121, 981–989 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07442-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07442-6