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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens in China during 1993–2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is an important intracellular parasitic protozoan with a variety of hosts, including chickens, which poses a potential threat to public health. However, little is known regarding overall T. gondii infection in chickens in China. Herein, the prevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in chickens in China were investigated using a meta-analysis. Forty studies regarding the prevalence of T. gondii in chickens in China from 1993 to 2021 were identified using five databases (PubMed, Science Direct, CNKI, Wang Fang, and VIP). Quantitative and potential sources were analyzed through subgroup analysis and meta-regression in R v3.5.2. The overall prevalence of T. gondii in chickens in China was 13.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.9–16.0). In the region subgroup, the lowest prevalence was presented in Northwestern China (6.0%, 95% CI: 3.2–9.5; P < 0.001). Seasonally, T. gondii prevalence was the highest in spring (17.9%, 95% CI: 7.7–30.9; P = 0.007). Among detection methods, the prevalence in the ELISA subgroup was the highest (22.8%, 95% CI: 17.1–29.1; P < 0.001). According to the farming mode, the prevalence of T. gondii in free-range chickens (19.5%, 95% CI: 15.4–23.9) was significantly higher than that in chickens raised by intensive farming (7.4%, 95% CI: 5.1–10.2; P < 0.001). We also estimated the relationships between region, sampling year, chicken age, chicken application, gender, sample classification, study quality, and T. gondii prevalence in chickens in China. Our study showed that region, season, and farming model played important roles in T. gondii infection of chickens. Integrated control measures should be undertaken to reduce the losses caused by T. gondii infection to the chicken industry.

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Acknowledgements

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  1. Lan-Bi Nie and Qing-Long Gong contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China

    Lan-Bi Nie, Qing-Long Gong, Qi Wang, Rui Zhang, Jun-Feng Shi, Yang Yang & Rui Du

  2. State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China

    Lan-Bi Nie

  3. College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China

    Jian-Ming Li & Kun Shi

  4. College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China

    Xing-Quan Zhu

  5. Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun, China

    Rui Du

  6. Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China

    Rui Du

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Nie, LB., Gong, QL., Wang, Q. et al. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens in China during 1993–2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitol Res 121, 287–301 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07334-1

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