Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The occurrence of Anisakis spp. in Australian waters: past, present, and future trends

  • Fish Parasitology - Review
  • Published:
Parasitology Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As one of the world’s megadiverse countries, Australian biodiversity is vital for global biodiversity. Nematodes belonging to the genus Anisakis (family Anisakidae) are an important part of this biodiversity due to their ability to be repeatedly transmitted among their intermediate hosts before reaching the top of the food pyramid. Therefore, they have a significant impact on the community structures of various ecosystems. In addition, globally, they are known to be of medical and veterinary significance. The aim of this article is to provide an update on the current knowledge about these important parasites in Australia. Since 1916, a total of 234 records of Anisakis spp. from various hosts and localities have been found in Australia. It is estimated that the occurrence of Anisakis spp. and their health impacts in at least 84, 98.5, and 95% of Australian marine mammals, fish, and water birds, respectively, have not been documented yet. The results of this study suggest Australia is perhaps home to the most diverse Anisakis fauna. Available information is dominated by reports of these parasites in fish hosts, many of them among edible fish. Given the popularity of seafood in Australia and the occurrence of infectious stages of Anisakis spp. in edible fish, all stakeholders should be made aware of the occurrence, prevalence, and survival of Anisakis spp. in seafood. Also, as more pet owners feed their pets with a variety of fish and seafood products, it is important for veterinarians to be aware of seafood transmitted Anisakis spp. in pet animals. This study also highlights several important knowledge gaps: (i) The detailed life cycle of Anisakis spp. in Australia is not known. Detecting their first intermediate hosts is important for better management of crustacean zooplankton populations in our waters. (ii) Research on Anisakis spp. in Australia has been restricted to limited taxonomical studies and should extend to other aspects of these important parasites. (iii) The capacity to identify parasite taxa to species is especially important for resolving biological diversity around Australia; however, opportunities to formally train in parasite taxonomy are rare and diminishing. There is a need to train researchers with taxonomy skills. (iv) Given the vast range of biodiversity in Australia and the broad host-specificity of Anisakis spp., particularly in the larval stages, the full range of their intermediate hosts remains unknown. (v) The health impacts of the infection of the intermediate/definitive hosts with Anisakis spp. are not fully understood. Thus, one of the important areas for future studies is investigating the pathogenicity of Anisakis spp. in affected animals. This is a crucial yet unknown factor for the conservation of some endangered species in Australia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abollo E, D’Amelio S, Pascual S (2001) Fitness of the marine parasitic nematode Anisakis simplex s. str. in temperate waters of the NE Atlantic. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 45(2):131–139

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adams G (2018) Complete guide to Australian birds. Penguin Random House Australia, 576 PP

  • Anantanawat S, Kiermeier A, McLeod C, Sumner J (2012) A semi-quantitative risk assessment of harmful parasites in Australian finfish. South Australian Research & Development Institute:37 pp

  • Anderson RC (2000) Nematode parasites of vertebrates: their development and transmission. CABI Publishing

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Audicana MT, Ansotegui IJ, Fernandez de Corres L, Kennedy MW (2002) Anisakis simplex: dangerous - dead and alive? Trends Parasitol 18(1):20–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4922(01)02152-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Australia AM (2019) Pet Ownership in Australia. https://animalmedicinesaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ANIM001-Pet-Survey-Report19_v17_WEB_high-res.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2021

  • Bade T (1977) The biology of tailor (Pomatomus saltatrix Linn.) from the east coast of Australia. MSc Thesis, University of Queensland 117 PP

  • Beumer JP, Ashburner LD, Burbury ME, Jetté E, Latham DJ (1982) A checklist of the parasites of fishes from Australia and its adjacent Antarctic territories. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Technical Communication No. 48 of the Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology. 89 pp

  • Blackburn J (1960) A study of condition (weight for length) of Australian barracouta, Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen). Mar Freshw Res 11(1):14–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bray DJ (2018) Introduction to Australia's Fishes, in Bray, D.J. & Gomon, M.F. (eds) Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria and OzFishNet, accessed 27/04/2021 http://fishesofaustralia.net.au/

  • Burke JB, Rodgers LJ (1982) Gastric ulceration associated with larval nematodes (Anisakis sp type) in pen reared green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Torres Strait. J Wildlif Dis 18(1):41–46. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-18.1.41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon L (1975) Disease-is it a problem in the fishing industry [Australia]. Aust Fish 34(9):32–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon LRG (1977) Some aspects of the biology of Peponocephala electra (Cetacea: Delphinidae). II. Parasites. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 28(6):717–722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon LRG (1977) Some larval ascaridoids from south-eastern Queensland marine fishes. Int J Parasitol 7:233–243

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carr AF, Main AR (1973) Turtle farming project in northern Australia: report on an inquiry into ecological implications of a turtle farming project. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 41 pp

  • Charters RA, Lester RJG, Buckworth RC, Newman SJ, Ovenden JR, Broderick D, Kravchuk O, Ballagh A, Welch DJ (2010) The stock structure of grey mackerel Scomberomorus semifasciatus in Australia as inferred from its parasite fauna. Fish Res 101(1–2):94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2009.09.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Claybrook J (2020) The ecology of Octopus aff. O. tetricus and prevalence of anisakid nematodes in near-coastal waters of North Fremantle, Western Australia. Bachelor of Science Honours in Marine Science Thesis. 67 pp. Murdoch University

  • Cresswell ID, Murphy H (2016) Biodiversity. In: Australia state of the environment 2016, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra, https://soe.environment.gov.au/theme/biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.4226/94/58b65ac828812

  • Cribb TH, Bray RA, Diaz PE, Huston DC, Kudlai O, Martin SB, Yong RQ-Y, Cutmore SC (2016) Trematodes of fishes of the Indo-west Pacific: told and untold richness. Systematic Parasitology 93(3):237–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-016-9625-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D’Amelio S, Mathiopoulos KD, Brandonisio O, Lucarelli G, Doronzo F, Paggi L (1999) Diagnosis of a case of gastric anisakidosis by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Parassitologia (Roma) 41(4):591–593

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davey JT (1971) A revision of the genus Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Ascaridata). J Helminthol 45(1):51–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desowitz RS (1986) Human and experimental anisakiasis in the United States. [Hokkaido igaku zasshi] Hokkaido J Med Sci 61(3):358–71

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doupe RG, Lymbery AJ, Wong S, Hobbs RP (2003) Larval anisakid infections of some tropical fish species from North-West Australia. J Helminthol 77:363–365

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • European Food Safety Authority (2010) Scientific Opinion on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products. EFSA J 8(4)

  • Froese R, Pauly D, Editors. (2019) FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (02/2019)

  • FSANZ (2018) Compendium of microbiological criteria for food. Food Standards Australia New Zealand 2018

  • Gales N, Wallace G, Dickson J (1985) Pulmonary cryptococcosis in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). J Wildlf Dis 21(4):443–446. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-21.4.443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson R, Atkinson R, Gordon J, Smith I, Hughes D (2011) Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on marine invertebrate life history stages: vulnerabilities and potential for persistence in a changing ocean. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev 49:1–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Glazebrook JS, Campbell RSF (1990) A survey of the diseases of marine turtles in northern Australia. I. Farmed turtles. Dis Aquat Organ 9(2):83–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grabda J (1976) Studies on the life cycle and morphogenesis of Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) (Nematoda: Anisakidae) cultured in vitro. Acta Ichthyol Piscatoria 6(1):119–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray TJ, Kwan YL, Thuy P, Robertson G, Cheong EYL, Gottlieb T (2013) Anisakiasis mistaken for dientamoebiasis? Reply. Clin Infect Dis 57(10):1500–1501. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cit544

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hooper JNA (1983) Parasites of estuarine and oceanic flathead fishes (family Platycephalidae) from northern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series No.90:1-69

  • Hossen MS, Shamsi S (2019) Zoonotic nematode parasites infecting selected edible fish in New South Wales, Australia. Int J Food Microbiol 108306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108306

  • Hossen MS, Wassens S, Shamsi S (2021) Occurrence and abundance of zoonotic nematodes in snapper Chrysophrys auratus, a popular table fish from Australian and New Zealand waters. Food Waterborne Parasitol 23:e00120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2021.e00120

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hossen MS, Wassens S, Shamsi S (2021) Integrative species delimitation and community structure of nematodes in three species of Australian flathead fishes (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae). Parasitol Res 120(2):461–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06802-4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hrabar J, Bocina I, Kurilj AG, Duras M, Mladineo I (2017) Gastric lesions in dolphins stranded along the Eastern Adriatic coast. Dis Aquat Org 125(2):125–139. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes L (2003) Climate change and Australia: trends, projections and impacts. Austral Ecol 28(4):423–443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jabbar A, Asnoussi A, Norbury LJ, Eisenbarth A, Shamsi S, Gasser RB, Lopata AL, Beveridge I (2012) Larval anisakid nematodes in teleost fishes from Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Mar Freshw Res 63(12):1283–1299. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF12211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jabbar A, Khoon ATW, Hui TX, Schaeffner BC, Jex AR, Nolan MJ, Lopata A, Gasser RB, Beveridge I (2012) Mutation scanning-based analysis of anisakid larvae from Sillago flindersi from Bass Strait, Australia. Electrophoresis 33(3):499–505. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201100438

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jabbar A, Fong RWJ, Kok KX, Lopata AL, Gasser RB, Beveridge I (2013) Molecular characterization of anisakid nematode larvae from 13 species of fish from Western Australia. Int J Food Microbiol 161(3):247–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.12.012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston TH (1938) Parasitic Nematoda. Sci Rep Aust Antarctic Expedition Ser C 10(5):1–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston TH, Mawson PM (1939) Internal parasites of the pigmy sperm whale. Rec S Aust Mus 6(3):263–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston TH, Mawson PM (1941) Nematodes from Australian marine mammals. Rec S Aust Mus 6(4):429–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston TH, Mawson PM (1942a) Some new and known Australian parasitic nematodes. Proc Linnean Soc N S W 67(1/2):90–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston TH, Mawson PM (1942b) Remarks on some parasitic nematodes. Rec S Aust Mus 7(2):183–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston TH, Mawson PM (1942c) Nematodes from Australian albatrosses and petrels. Trans R Soc S Aust 66(1):66–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston TH, Mawson PM (1943) Some ascarid nematodes from Australian marine fish. Trans R Soc S Aust 67(1):20–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston TH, Mawson PM (1945a) Some parasitic nematodes from South Australian marine fish. Trans R Soc S Aust 69(1):114–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston TH, Mawson PM (1945b) Parasitic nematodes British. Aust N Z Antarct Res Expedition Rep Ser B 5(2):73–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston TH, Mawson PM (1949) Some nematodes from Australian hosts, together with a note on Rhabditis allgeni. Trans R Soc S Aust 73(1):63–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston TH, Mawson PM (1951a) Additional nematodes from Australian fish. Trans R Soc S Aust 74(1):18–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston TH, Mawson PM (1951b) Report on some parasitic nematodes from the Australian Museum. Rec Aust Mus 22(4):289–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston TH, Mawson PM (1952) Some nematodes from Australian birds and mammals. Trans R Soc S Aust 75:30–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones JB (1991) Movements of albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) in the South Pacific: evidence from parasites. Mar Biol 111(1):1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kent AJ, Pert CC, Briers RA, Diele K, Rueckert S (2020) Increasing intensities of Anisakis simplex third-stage larvae (L3) in Atlantic salmon of coastal waters of Scotland. Parasit Vectors 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-3942-5

  • Køie M (2001) Experimental infections of copepods and sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus with small ensheathed and large third-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae). Parasitol Res 87(1):32–36

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korotaeva V (1969) Helminth infection of marine commercial fish (Berycidae) in the Great Australian Bight. Voprosy Morskoi Biologii: Tezisy II Vsesoiuznaia Simpoziuma Molodykh Uchenykh: Sevastopol, 1969 g:68-70

  • Korotaeva V (1971) Some helminth fauna of commercial marine fishes of sub-order Trichuroidei in the Australia-New Zealand region. Izvestiya Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno Issledovatel’skogo Instituta Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii (TINRO) 75:69–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Korotaeva VD (1968) Degree of infection by helminths of certain marine commercial fish on the shores of South Australia and New Zealand In: All Union Meeting (Vth) on the Diseases and Parasites of Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates, Nov 29-Dec 4, 1968, 58-59

  • Korotaeva VD (1974a) Helminth fauna of Ostorhinchus conwaii from the Great Australian Bight. Izvestiya Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii (TINRO) (Parazity morskikh zhivotnykh) 88:54-60

  • Korotaeva VD (1974b) Helminths of some commercial marine fishes of the sub order Scomberoidei from the Australian region. Izvestiya Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii (TINRO) (Parazity morskikh zhivotnykh) 88:61-66

  • Lafferty KD, Dobson AP, Kuris AM (2006) Parasites dominate food web links. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(30):11211–11216. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604755103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lester RJG, Barnes A, Habib G (1985) Parasites of skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis: fishery implications. Fish Bull 83(3):343–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Lester RJG, Sewell KB, Barnes A, Evans K (1988) Stock discrimination of orange roughy, Hoplostethus atlanticus, by parasite analysis. Mar Biol 99(1):137–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00644988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lester RJG, Thompson C, Moss H, Barker SC (2001) Movement and stock structure of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel as indicated by parasites. J Fish Biol 59:833–843

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levsen A, Cipriani P, Mattiucci S, Gay M, Hastie LC, MacKenzie K, Pierce GJ, Svanevik CS, Hojgaard DP, Nascetti G, Gonzalez AF, Pascual S (2018) Anisakis species composition and infection characteristics in Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus, from major European fishing grounds - reflecting changing fish host distribution and migration pattern. Fish Res 202:112–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.07.030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lima dos Santos CAM, Howgate P (2011) Fishborne zoonotic parasites and aquaculture: a review. Aquaculture 318(3–4):253–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.05.046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macri F, Lanteri G, Rapisarda G, Costa A, Marino F (2012) Anisakis pegreffii experimental challenge in Dicentrarchus labrax: An endoscopic study. Aquaculture 338:297–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.01.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcogliese DJ (2008) The impact of climate change on the parasites and infectious diseases of aquatic animals. Rev Sci Tech 27(2):467–484

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marino F, Lanteri G, Passantino A, De Stefano C, Costa A, Gaglio G, Macri F (2013) Experimental susceptibility of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, via challenge with Anisakis pegreffii larvae. Biomed Res Int 2013.https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/701828

  • Marques JF, Cabral HN, Busi M, D’Amelio S (2006) Molecular identification of Anisakis species from Pleuronectiformes off the Portuguese coast. J Helminthol 80(1):47–51

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattiucci S, Nascetti G, Bullini L, Orecchia P, Paggi L (1986) Genetic structure of Anisakis physeteris, and its differentiation from the Anisakis simplex complex (Ascaridida: Anisakidae). Parasitology 93(2):383–387

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattiucci S, Nascetti G, Cianchi R, Paggi L, Arduino P, Margolis L, Brattey J, Webb S, D’Amelio S, Orecchia P, Bullini L (1997) Genetic and ecological data on the Anisakis simplex complex, with evidence for a new species (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae). J Parasitol 83(3):401–416

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattiucci S, Paggi L, Nascetti G, Abollo E, Webb SC, Pascual S, Cianchi R, Bullini L (2001) Genetic divergence and reproductive isolation between Anisakis brevispiculata and Anisakis physeteris (Nematoda : Anisakidae). Int J Parasitol 31(1):9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00125-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattiucci S, Nascetti G, Dailey M, Webb SC, Barros NB, Cianchi R, Bullini L (2005) Evidence for a new species of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845: morphological description and genetic relationships between congeners (Nematoda : Anisakidae). Syst Parasitol 61(3):157–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-005-3158-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattiucci S, Paoletti M, Webb SC (2009) Anisakis nascettii n. sp (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from beaked whales of the southern hemisphere: morphological description, genetic relationships between congeners and ecological data. Syst Parasitol 74(3):199–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-009-9212-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattiucci S, Cipriani P, Levsen A, Paoletti M, Nascetti G (2018) Molecular epidemiology of Anisakis and anisakiasis: An ecological and evolutionary road map. Adv Parasitol 99:93–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2017.12.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mawson P (1953) Parasitic Nematoda collected by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition: Heard Island and Macquarie Island, 1948–1951. Parasitology 43(3–4):291–297

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mawson PM (1969) Some nematodes from Australian gulls and terns. J Fish Board Can 26(4):1103–1111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehrdana F, Bahlool QZ, Skov J, Marana MH, Sindberg D, Mundeling M, Overgaard BC, Korbut R, Strøm SB, Kania PW (2014) Occurrence of zoonotic nematodes Pseudoterranova decipiens, Contracaecum osculatum and Anisakis simplex in cod (Gadus morhua) from the Baltic Sea. Vet Parasitol 205(3–4):581–587

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mittermeier RA, Turner WR, Larsen FW, Brooks TM, Gascon C (2011) Global biodiversity conservation: the critical role of hotspots Biodiversity hotspots. Springer, p 3-22

  • Moore BR, Buckworth RC, Moss H, Lester JG (2003) Stock discrimination and movements of narrowbarred Spanish mackerel across northern Australia as indicated by parasites. J Fish Biol 63:765–779

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore BR, Stapley J, Allsop Q, Newman SJ, Ballagh A, Welch DJ, Lester RJG (2011) Stock structure of blue threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum across northern Australia, as indicated by parasites. J Fish Biol 78(3):923–936. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02917.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nascetti G, Paggi L, Orecchia P, Mattiucci S, Bullini L (1983) Two sibling species within Anisakis simplex (Ascaridida: Anisakidae). Parassitologia 25:306–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Orecchia P, Paggi L, Mattiucci S, Smith JW, Nascetti G, Bullini L (1986) Electrophoretic identification of larvae and adults of Anisakis (Ascaridida: Anisakidae). J Helminthol 60:331–339

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paggi L, Nascetti G, Webb SC, Mattiucci S, Cianchi R, Bullini L (1998) A new species of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda, Anisakidae) from beaked whales (Ziphiidae): allozyme and morphological evidence. Syst Parasitol 40(3):161–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pons-Bordas C, Hazenberg A, Hernandez-Gonzalez A, Pool RV, Covelo P, Sanchez-Hermosin P, Lopez A, Saavedra C, Fraija-Fernandez N, Fernandez M, Aznar FJ (2020) Recent increase of ulcerative lesions caused by Anisakis spp. in cetaceans from the north-east Atlantic. Journal of Helminthology 94. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x20000115

  • Preston DL, Johnson PTJ (2012) Ecological consequences of parasitism. Nat Educ Knowl 3(10):47

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahmati AR, Kiani B, Afshari A, Moghaddas E, Williams M, Shamsi S (2021) World-wide prevalence of Anisakis larvae in fish and its relationship to human allergic anisakiasis: a systematic review. Parasitol Res 119:3585–3594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06892-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson AJ (2008) In hot water: zooplankton and climate change. ICES J Mar Sci 65(3):279–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roser D, Stensvold CR (2013) Anisakiasis mistaken for dientamoebiasis? Clin Infect Dis 57(10):1500–1500. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cit543

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandeman M, Warner L (2002) An investment in human and animal health : parasitology in Australia. Deakin West, ACT: FASTS occasional paper series; no 4

  • Seal A, Harding C, Shamsi S (2020) A preliminary report on the awareness and knowledge of seafood-borne parasitic diseases among medical doctors in Australia. Parasitol Int 74:101993–101993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2019.101993

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sewell KB, Lester RJG (1995) Stock composition and movement of gemfish, Rexea solandri, as indicated by parasites. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 52(Suppl. 1):225–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shamsi S (2014) Recent advances in our knowledge of Australian anisakid nematodes. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildlf 3(2):178–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.04.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shamsi S (2019a) Seafood-borne parasitic diseases: a “One-Health” approach is needed. Fishes 4(1):9. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes4010009

  • Shamsi S (2019b) Parasite loss or parasite gain? Story of Contracaecum nematodes in antipodean waters. Parasite Epidemiology and Control 4e00087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00087

  • Shamsi S, Butcher AR (2011) First report of human anisakidosis in Australia. Med J Aust 194(4):199–200

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shamsi S, Sheorey H (2018) Seafood-borne parasitic diseases in Australia: are they rare or underdiagnosed? Int Med J 48(5):591–596

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shamsi S, Suthar J (2016a) Occurrence of Terranova larval types (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Australian marine fish with comments on their specific identities. Peerj 4:e1722–e1722. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1722

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shamsi S, Suthar J (2016b) A revised method of examining fish for infection with zoonotic nematode larvae. Int J Food Microbiol 227:13–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.03.023

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shamsi S, Eisenbarth A, Saptarshi S, Beveridge I, Gasser RB, Lopata AL (2011) Occurrence and abundance of anisakid nematode larvae in five species of fish from southern Australian waters. Parasitol Res 108(4):927–934. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2134-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shamsi S, Gasser R, Beveridge I (2012) Genetic characterisation and taxonomy of species of Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasitic in Australian marine mammals. Invertebr Syst 26(2):204–212. https://doi.org/10.1071/is11019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shamsi S, Briand MJ, Justine J-L (2017) Occurrence of Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae) larvae in unusual hosts in Southern hemisphere. Parasitol Int 66(6):837–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2017.08.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shamsi S, Chen Y, Poupa A, Ghadam M, Justine JL (2018a) Occurrence of anisakid parasites in marine fishes and whales off New Caledonia. Parasitol Res:3195-3204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-6018-0

  • Shamsi S, Steller E, Chen Y (2018b) New and known zoonotic nematode larvae within selected fish species from Queensland waters in Australia. Int J Food Microbiol 272:73–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.03.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shamsi S, Sprohnle-Barrera C, Shafaet Hossen M (2019) Occurrence of Anisakis spp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in a pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps (Cetacea: Kogiidae) in Australian waters. Dis Aquat Org 134(1):65–74. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03360

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JW (1974) Experimental transfer to Anisakis sp. larvae (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from one fish host to another. J Helminthol 48(4):229–234

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JW (1999) Ascaridoid nematodes and pathology of the alimentary tract and its associated organs in vertebrates, including man: a literature review. Helminthol Abstr 68(2):49–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Sommerville RI, Buzzell GR (1974) Nematode parasites of fish. Tasman Fish Res 8:26–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Suthar J, Shamsi S (2021) The occurrence and abundance of infective stages of zoonotic nematodes in selected edible fish sold in Australian fish markets. Microbial Pathogenesis 154:104833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104833

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki J, Murata R, Hosaka M, Araki J (2010) Risk factors for human Anisakis infection and association between the geographic origins of Scomber japonicus and anisakid nematodes. Int J Food Microbiol 137(1):88–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.10.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sweet G (1909a) The endoparasites of Australian stock and native fauna, Part I. Introduction and census forms recorded to date. Proc R Soc Vic 21:454–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweet G (1909b) The endoparasites of Australian stock and native fauna, Part II. Introduction and census forms recorded to date. Proc R Soc Vic 21:503–527

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson JM (1979) The turtle farming project in Torres Strait north Queensland. South Pacific Commission, Joint SPC-NMFS workshop on marine turtles in the tropical Pacific Islands (Noumea, New Caledonia, 11-14 December 1979)

  • Valtonen ET, Holmes JC, Koskivaara M (1997) Eutrophication, pollution and fragmentation: effects on parasite communities in roach (Rutilus rutilus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) in four lakes in central Finland. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 54(3):572–585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dyck S, Strahan R (2008) The Mammals of Australia. Reed New Holland, Sydney

    Google Scholar 

  • Waite E (1916) Fishes. Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911–1914. Scientific Reports, Series C—Zoology and Botany 3:3-92

  • Weaver HJ (2017) State of the science of taxonomy in Australia: results of the 2016 Survey of Taxonomic Capacity. Australian Biological Resources Study, Commonwealth of Australia:40pp

  • Webb B (1976) Aspects of the biology of jack mackerel Trachurus declivis (Jenyns) from south east Australian waters. Tasman Fish Res (Australia) 10(1):1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams M, Hernandez-Jover M, Shamsi S (2020) A critical appraisal of global testing protocols for zoonotic parasites in imported seafood applied to seafood safety in Australia. Foods 9(4):448. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9040448

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe D, Webb B (1975) Slender tuna (Allothunnus fallai Serventy): first record of bulk catches, Tasmania 1974. Mar Freshw Res 26(2):213–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young MR (1939) Helminth parasites of australia. A bibliography with alphabetical lists of authors, hosts and parasites. Imperial Bur Agric Parasitol (Helminthology) 23:1–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Zischke MT, Cribb TH, Welch DJ, Sawynok W, Lester RJG (2009) Stock structure of blue threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum on the Queensland east coast, as determined by parasites and conventional tagging. J Fish Biol 75(1):156–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02277.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Anisakis larvae characterized in the present study from king fish and samson fish were collected by Dr Kate Hutson. Mr Mark Filmer helped with editing the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Estella, New South Wales, 2678, Australia

    Shokoofeh Shamsi

Authors
  1. Shokoofeh Shamsi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shokoofeh Shamsi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Handling Editor: Una Ryan

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shamsi, S. The occurrence of Anisakis spp. in Australian waters: past, present, and future trends. Parasitol Res 120, 3007–3033 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07243-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07243-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation