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Parasitic copepods Caligus lacustris (Copepoda: Caligidae) on the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in cage aquaculture: morphology, population demography, and first insights into phylogenetic relationships

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Abstract

Herein, data on rainbow trout infections with the copepod Caligus lacustris in cage aquaculture on Lake Ladoga is presented. Caligus lacustris (n = 127 ex.) were collected from a farm in Lake Ladoga housing cage-reared rainbow trout to describe the size–age and sex structure of the copepod population. Morphological features of the copepods were evaluated according to 10 characters with terminology proposed by Kabata and Gusev (J Linn Soc (Zool) 46(309):155–207, 1966). To determine the phylogenetic position of C. lacustris within the genus Caligus, fragments of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene (COI, 645 bp) and 18S rRNA gene (1617 bp) were sequenced. An increase of parasite prevalence was observed as the lake was warming up from July to September. The morphological features of the crustacean’s larval and adult stages, characterized by specific parameters of quantitative traits, are described. Three COI haplotypes and only one 18S rRNA haplotype of C. lacustris were identified among five samples. Based on 18S rRNA analysis (resolution of the COI tree was poor), we can conclude that the clade containing C. lacustris, and the aforementioned sister species, appears as an early radiation of the genus Caligus. The development of freshwater aquaculture contributes to the transfer of the native parasite C. lacustris to farmed rainbow trout.

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Acknowledgements

The research was supported by the state orders (no. 0221-2017-0042, no. 0218-2019-0075, no. 0221-2017-0042, no. AAAA-A17-117022850046-6, no. AAAA-A17-117011810039-4, and FWGS-2021-0003). We would like to thank Johannes Rusch (Norwegian Veterinary Institute) and Kislova Olga (KarRC RAS) for assistance with translation of the manuscript.

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  1. Aleksey Parshukov, Pavel Vlasenko, and Evgeniy Simonov contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia

    Aleksey Parshukov, Evgeny Ieshko & Larisa Anikieva

  2. Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia

    Pavel Vlasenko, Evgeniy Simonov, Elena Kashinskaya & Mikhail Solovyev

  3. Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia

    Evgeniy Simonov

  4. Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia

    Tatyana Burdukovskaya

  5. Instituto de Recerca Y Tecnología Agroalimentarias, San Carlos de La Rapita, Tarragona, Spain

    Karl B. Andree

  6. Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

    Mikhail Solovyev

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  1. Aleksey Parshukov
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Correspondence to Aleksey Parshukov.

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This study protocol was approved by the Research and Ethical Committee of the Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, RAS. International, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the collection of parasites samples from fish were adequately followed.

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Parshukov, A., Vlasenko, P., Simonov, E. et al. Parasitic copepods Caligus lacustris (Copepoda: Caligidae) on the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in cage aquaculture: morphology, population demography, and first insights into phylogenetic relationships. Parasitol Res 120, 2455–2467 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07198-5

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