Abstract
Dendritic cells play a crucial role in inducing antigen-specific immunity to pathogens. During host-parasite interaction, host immune response to the parasite molecules is considered essential for recognizing novel antigens for control strategies. Therefore, in the present study, chicken dendritic cells (DCs) (ChDCs), derived from spleens were used to evaluate their capacity to proliferate and differentiate autologous T lymphocytes in response to actin-depolymerizing factor from Eimeria tenella (EtADF). Immunoblot analysis showed that recombinant EtADF protein (rEtADF) was able to interact with rat anti-rEtADF antibodies. The immunofluorescence test confirmed rEtADF binding on ChDCs surface. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that phenotypes for MHCII, CD1.1, CD11c, CD80, and CD86 were increased in ChDCs after rEtADF treatment. qRT-PCR results indicated that ChDCs triggered TLR signaling in response to rEtADF, and suppressed Wnt signaling. Transcript levels of CD83, CCL5, and CCR7 in ChDCs were improved following rEtADF treatment. In addition, rEtADF promoted DC-directed T cell proliferation and differentiation of naïve T cells into CD3+/CD4+ T cells in DC/T cell co-incubation system. Cytokine analysis of rEtADF-pulsed ChDCs showed increased levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ, while IL-10 and TGF-β remained unchanged. Moreover, rEtADF-treated ChDCs enhanced production of IFN-γ when incubated with T cells, and IL-4 secretion remained unchanged. Our findings indicted that rEtADF could facilitate the polarization of Th1 immune cells by triggering both host DCs and T cells. Our findings provide useful insights into future work aimed at anticoccidial vaccine strategies.
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This work is supported by the Joint Research Project between the National Natural Science Foundation China and Pakistan Science Foundation (NSFC-PSF) and Grant Number (Grant No. 31661143017).
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LXR directed the project and participated in the coordination and management of the study. SAL performed the laboratory experiments on DCs and wrote the manuscript. MH analyzed the data. JH, ZY, and ZY assisted in the laboratory experiments. MWH provided some ideas for the experimental design. MTA obtained chicken spleen samples, and MAM cultured and isolated dendritic cells. SXK, YRF, and XLX provided new analytical reagents and tools. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Animals treated in this study were in compliance with the guidelines of the Animal Ethics Committee, Nanjing Agricultural University, China. All of the experimental protocols were granted approval from the Science and Technology Agency of Jiangsu Province. The approval ID is SYXK (SU) 2018–0005.
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Lakho, S.A., Haseeb, M., Huang, J. et al. Actin-depolymerizing factor from Eimeria tenella promotes immunogenic function of chicken dendritic cells. Parasitol Res 120, 579–592 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-07016-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-07016-4